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Diverse Landscapes of South Asia: Mountains, Plains, and Plateaus

Explore the geographical wonders of South Asia, from the towering Himalayas to the rich Ganges plain and arid Deccan Plateau. Discover the unique features of this subcontinent, including distinct cultures and the breathtaking Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot.

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Diverse Landscapes of South Asia: Mountains, Plains, and Plateaus

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  1. South Asia: The Land- PART 1 Ch. 23 Sec. 1

  2. Separate Land • Mountains form a border from the rest of Asia Making a subcontinent • Large, distinct landmass that’s joined to a continent • Half the size of continental U.S.

  3. Separate Land • 3 bodies of water border the subcontinent: • Arabian Sea West • Bay of Bengal East • Indian Ocean South INDIAN OCEAN

  4. Land of Variety • Young, high mountains (in N) & old, eroded mountains (in S) • High deserts & rich, lush valleys (N) • Flat plateaus & terraced foothills (S)

  5. The Himalaya • Formed when the Indian subcontinent collided with Eurasian plate • Indian subcontinent used to be connected to Africa, then broke away • Mt. Everest (highest point on Earth): 29,035 ft. • Still growing! (0.5 cm per yr)

  6. Continental Convergence

  7. Rich Ganges plain Dry Tibet plateau

  8. Tibetan Plateau

  9. Mount Everest

  10. Other Northern Mts. • Karakoram Mts. (most N) -K2 • Hindu Kush (NW) • Complete the wall of mts. b/w S. Asia & the rest of Asia • Narrow passes allowed few invaders in (Khyber Pass- b/w Pakistan & Afghanistan) • Protected region from outside influence

  11. Karakoram Hindu Kush HIMALAYA

  12. Highest Concentration of peaks over five miles in height to be found anywhere on Earth! KARAKORAM MTS.

  13. Khyber Pass • Recorded use as far back as Alexander the Great! • Many Afghan wars fought here • Used by NATO forces now, Taliban attempts to blow up passes/bridges

  14. Vindhya Range • Caused by previous convergence of plates not as tall as Himalaya • Divides India into N & S regions (in Central India) • 2 distinct cultures * • Arid to NW • Fertile to NE

  15. Pangaea: 300 million years ago

  16. Southern Highlands • Eastern and Western Ghats • Eroded mts. (why?) • Triangle of rugged ‘hills’ • E.G. older than W.G. (formed w/ diff. super continents) • W.G. formed really as Deccan Plateau faulted from super continent (150 mil. yrs ago) • W.G. are a biodiversity hotspot!

  17. Eastern Ghats Western Ghats

  18. In WG: about 6,000 plant species and 1,250 animal species47% endemic!

  19. Southern Highlands • Deccan Plateau • Once covered in lava (eruptions occurred millions of yrs ago) now has rich black soil, BUT… • W.G. prevent rain from reaching D.P.  very arid

  20. Deccan Traps: volcanic feature eruption/release of gases killed dinos??

  21. Deccan Plateau

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