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Urban Challenges in the Progressive Era: Housing, Transportation, and Sanitation

This section explores the urbanization and Americanization movements in the growth of cities in the Northeast and Midwest, focusing on the challenges faced such as housing conditions, transportation systems, water supply, sanitation practices, crime rates, and fire safety issues. It delves into the advent of skyscrapers, efforts to address urban problems like disease outbreaks, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure, as well as the emergence of political machines and corrupt practices in city governance. The impact of key figures like Louis Sullivan, George Plunkitt, and Boss Tweed is discussed in relation to the urban development of the Progressive Era.

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Urban Challenges in the Progressive Era: Housing, Transportation, and Sanitation

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  1. Section 6-2 Urbanization

  2. Urban Opportunities • Urbanization- growth of cities, mostly in the regions of the Northeast and Midwest. • Americanization Movement- designed to assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant culture.

  3. Americans Migrate to the Cities • Skyscrapers- Tall steel framed buildings. The Home Insurance Building in Chicago was built in 1885 (ten stories). First Skyscraper in America. • Louis Sullivan- No one contributed more to the design of skyscrapers. (Chicago)

  4. Urban Problems Six Major Urban Problems • Housing • Transportation • Water • Sanitation • Crime • Fire

  5. Urban Problems • Housing: -row houses- single family dwellings that shared side walls with other similar houses. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vu9A7zUE_fU -Tenements- multi-family urban dwellings.

  6. Urban Problems • Transportation: -Mass Transit- Transportation systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes. -Streetcars-San Francisco (1873) -Subway-Boston (1897)

  7. Urban Problem • Water: -As late as the 1860’s many cities had grossly inadequate piped water. -Disease- Typhoid Fever, Cholera -Filtration (1870’s) -Chlorination (1908)

  8. Urban Problems • Sanitation: -Manure piled up on the streets -Sewage flowed through open gutters -Factories polluted the air and water -Scavengers- private contractors hired to sweep the streets. -Sewer lines and sanitation departments (By 1900)

  9. Urban Problems Crime: -First full-time police force- NYC (1844) -To small to impact crime. Fire: -First paid fire department- Cincinnati (1853). -Automatic sprinkler (1874).

  10. Machine Politics • Political Machine- an informal political group designed to gain and keep power in the cities. Came about partly because cities had grown much faster than their governments. • Party bosses- (City Boss) Those in charge of their respected political machine.

  11. Machine Politics • Graft- getting money through dishonest or questionable means. • George Plunkitt- One of NYC’s most powerful party bosses; defended honest graft. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bnN9SZlLkg • William “Boss” Tweed- Leader of Tammany Hall, the NYC Democratic political machine. Very corrupt!

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