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THE MANY FACES OF THE VIRGIN MARY

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THE MANY FACES OF THE VIRGIN MARY

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    1. THE MANY FACES OF THE VIRGIN MARY Iconography used to show different aspects of the Madonna

    2. Aspects of the Virgin Mary depicted in Art Virgin Ideal Woman Bride Mother Queen of Heaven Intercessor

    3. Titles of Mary There are heaps! Check out http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titles_of_Mary titles, Blessed Mother, Virgin, Madonna, Our Lady = Notre Dame, Epithets – Star of the Sea, Queen of heaven Cause of Our Joy, Invocations - Theotokos [God bearer] Panagia [Mother of Christ] , Mother of Mercy other names – Our Lady of Loreto, Guadalupe etc

    4. The Pagan / Classical connection The Ancient Greeks and Romans worshipped Goddesses who had similar attributes to those Mary has taken on. E.g. Venus/Aphrodite – Goddess of Love. Called Virgin although had lovers Diana –Virgin goddess of the hunt, who asked her nymphs to take vow of chastity Artemis (Greek version of Diana) – her sacred virginity signified her freedom of choice: to take lovers or reject them Juno was revered as the mother of the god Vulcan; Aphrodite, as the mother of Aeneas.

    5. Conversion of Classical temples to Christian churches Some churches were built on the foundations of Classical temples Temples dedicated to goddesses like Artemis or Venus had their statues removed and replaced with statues of Mary

    6. Christianization of Classical sites The choir of San Salvatore in Spoleto occupies the cella of a Roman temple.

    7. Mariolatry Mariolatry is the worship and adoration of the Virgin Mary or Cult of the Virgin Mary Over the ages Catholic theologians, thinkers, Popes have pondered such questions as, Did Mary have other children apart from Jesus? Did she and Joseph ever have sexual relations? Did her hymen break? Did she experience sexual pleasure? ….

    8. Byzantine iconography Theotokos = God bearer Theotokos (Greek: Te?t????, translit. Theotókos) is a title of Mary, the mother of Jesus used especially in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches. Its literal English translations include God-bearer and the one who gives birth to God. Less literal translations include Mother of God. The Council of Ephesus decreed in 431 that Mary is Theotokos because her son Jesus is one person who is both God and man, divine and human (Wikipedia)

    9. Panagia Panagia is also the term for a particular type of icon of the Theotokos, where she is facing the viewer directly usually depicted full length with her hands out with a medallion showing the image of Christ as a child in front of her chest [1]. This medallion symbolically represents Jesus within the womb of the Virgin Mary at the moment of the Incarnation

    10. Madonna of the Annunciation

    11. Madonna of Chancellor Rolin Jan Van Eyck Note the walled garden, crown

    12. Leonardo’s Annunciation

    13. Fra Angelico v. Piero Annunciation

    14. Madonna Enthroned / Maesta

    15. Dormition & Assumption

    16. Mary, Star of the Sea (Stella Maris) Virgin as protector of ships, sailors and fishermen This is an icon from the fishing town of Hull in the UK

    17. Coronation of Virgin, Bride of Christ (Raphael)

    18. Mater Dolorosa in the Pieta

    19. Romanesque Seated Mary & Jesus

    20. Magna Mater – Classical Goddess Cybele ? Christian Maesta

    21. Mater Dolorosa in Crucifixions

    22. Marriage of the Virgin By Raphael

    23. The Nursing Madonna In June 2008 the Vatican declared it was time to undo four centuries of church disapproval of traditional representations of Mary as an earthy, fleshy mother breast feeding on her newborn son. Father Enrico dal Covolo, a professor of classic and  Christian literature in Rome, said: "The Virgin Mary who nurses her son Jesus is one of the most eloquent signs that the word of God truly and undoubtedly  became flesh."

    24. The Ideal Mother: Raphael v. Michelangelo

    25. Mater Amabilis – Loving Mother Raphael, Antonello da Messina

    26. Madonna of Mercy: Lippo Memmi v. Piero

    27. Madonna as Intercessor on Judgement Day

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