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Exploring the U.S. Judicial Branch: Supreme Court and Legal System

Delve into the functions and processes of the U.S. Judicial Branch, focusing on the Supreme Court as the final authority in the federal court system. Learn about the Justices, their appointments, and the cases they handle. Understand how cases reach the Supreme Court and the important concept of judicial review. Explore criminal and civil cases heard by federal courts, including District Courts and Appellate Courts.

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Exploring the U.S. Judicial Branch: Supreme Court and Legal System

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  1. The Judicial Branch US History: Spiconardi

  2. The Supreme Court • Final authority in the federal court system • Comprised of 1 chief justice and 8 associate justices (originally 1 & 5) • Number can change via congressional legislation

  3. The Justices • Roberts, Chief Justice (R) • Breyer (D) • Thomas (R) • Bader Ginsburg (D) • Alito (R) • Kennedy (R) • Stevens (D) • Scalia (R) • Souter (D) * Appointed by President * Confirmed by Senate * Lifetime Term

  4. Original Jurisdiction Cases involving foreign ambassadors or disputes among states Appellate Jurisdiction In a lower court, if the losing side believes a judge made a mistake in applying the law in a case, that case may be appealed to a higher court. How do cases reach the Supreme Court? vs.

  5. Between 5,000 & 7,000 cases are appealed to the Supreme Court every year • Only 150 are heard • Clerks review cases • Pass on to Justices • 4 justices must agree to review the case • Cases heard Mondays, Tuesdays, & Wednesdays from October to June

  6. Judicial Review • Role of Judicial Branch is not described in much detail in the Constitution • Considered the weakest of the three branches until 1803 =

  7. Judicial Review • Marbury v. Madison • Establishes the principal of judicial review • Judicial reviewenables the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws and strike down those that are unconstitutional

  8. Criminal Federal laws only Kidnapping across state lines Drug transporting Mail fraud Tax evasion Counterfeiting $ Civil Claims against the federal government Constitutional rights (i.e. free speech) Federal Courts: District Courts

  9. Federal Courts: Appellate Courts • Considers court decisions in which the losing side has asked for a review of the verdict • Can overturn a verdict • Order a retrial

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