The Periodic Table

1. The Periodic Table A system of organizing the elements

2. Dmitri Mendeleev • Organized the first periodic table. • Was able to predict elements that had not been discovered yet. • Was able to predict the physical and chemical properties of those elements.

4. Periodic Law Periodic Table General Organization • Periods • Groups • Representative (main block) elements • Transition elements

5. Why is it called “periodic”? • The horizontal rows are called periods. • A period is something that repeats itself. • The characteristics of the elements tend to repeat themselves on the table when they are organized according to atomic number.

6. Families or Groups: • The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups or families. • There are two types of notations- see periodic table in your book. • The elements in a group share certain characteristics. • Example: All of the elements in the group on the far right of the table are unreactive gases.

7. Some groups and regions to know by name:

8. Alkaline Metals • Soft • Shiny • Many are light weight • Extremely reactive with water

9. Alkaline Earth Metals • Fairly soft • Shiny • Many are light weight • Reactive, but not as reactive as the Alkaline Metals.

10. Transition Metals • Can form different types of ions. • The “heavy metals” are in the transition metals. • Usually dense.

11. Inner Transition Metals • Lanthanide and Actinide series at the bottom of the periodic table. • Some are unstable and radioactively decay. • Nuclear weapons and reactors are made from certain inner transition metals.

12. Halogens • Group contains solids, liquids, and gases. • Extremely reactive • Some are very deadly

13. Noble Gases (Inert Gases) • Very stable and unreactive • Glow when electrical current is passed through them. • Found in small amounts in our atmosphere

14. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids • Metals appear on the left • Lustrous (shiny), conduct electricity and heat, can be bent and stretched. • Metalloids appear along the stair step • Semilustrous, semiconductive. • Nonmetals appear on the right • Nonlustrous, most are gases, solids are brittle.

15. Trends of the periodic table: • Atomic radius

16. Ionization Energies

19. Electronegativity

20. Electron Affinity