Effective Quotation and Citation Techniques in Text Analysis

1. Quotation and Citation Basics 2013/10/17~ Ref. http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/research/documentation.html

2. Outline • Text Analysis & Paper Critique (next unit) • Quotation: Purposes and Kinds • establish credibility • Kinds: Separated & Integrated • Avoid wordiness • Altering the original text

3. Text Analysis • Basics (see EngSite) • Introduction – Luis • Thesis Statement – Amy, Frank, Judy & Oran • definition of key terms (if any). e.g. Charles (act out/work through) & Jenny: rationality or rationalization? Ref. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Defense_mechanism#Rationalization

4. Text Analysis: quotes as evidence • We also should forget a loved been with unique qualities that we like and we always remember. • Although the speaker admits, hesitantly, that losing a beloved one is “like (Write it!) like disaster,” she stresses that “[i]t's evident the art of losing's not too hard to master.”

5. Text Analysis • Basics (see EngSite) – “One Art” e.g. Introduction – Luis Thesis Statement – Amy, Judy, Oran & Frank • Needs -- definition of key terms (if any). e.g. rationality or rationalization?

6. Critique: Purposes • Reviewing existing scholarship in order to respond to it • Establishing your own stance in the critical scholarship

7. Critique: Skills Needed • Reading for the gist (main ideas) • summarizing and synthesizing • Critical thinking: -- What have I learned from it? -- How do I differ from it? -- How to I add to it?

8. QUOTATION AND CITATION

9. Types of Errors to avoid in using the others’ ideas • Using somebody else’s words without putting them in quotation marks • Using somebody else’s ideas (or even those from your old papers) without acknowledging it with proper citation and quotation What does not need citation? -- Historical facts unchangeable and generally known to your research community. e.g. E. Bishop’s place & date of birth. )

10. Quotation (1) – • Purposes • establish critical context and increase credibility • quoting primary text as evidence and/or for close analysis • Structure– a possible one • Introduction – raises your question and present your thesis statement • Body • related background and critical context • Your response to existing criticism—which is your argument. • Text analysis • Get examples from the articles we read

11. Quotation (2): Kinds – • Separated St. Paul declared, "It is better to marry than to burn." • Integrated -- St. Paul declared that "it is better to marry than to burn." -- Thoreau warned his readers to "beware of all enterprises that require new clothes.“ More here.

12. Quotation –methods: 1) indent the long quote

13. Quotation: Basic Principles 1. Quote properly; do not take words out of their context. 2. Do not quote without giving your own interpretation

14. 3. Using Internal Citation to avoid wordiness • Based on the dissertation, “A Historical Analysis of Coffee Consumption in Taiwan” written by Fan-ting, the development of coffee can be divided into three major periods: first is from 1930 to 1960, second is form 1960 to 1980 and the third is from 1980 to 1990. (41, 82, 122)

15. Errors fixed • Based on the dissertation written by Fang-ting,A Historical Analysis of Coffee Consumption in Taiwan,the development of coffee consumption in Taiwan can be divided into three major periods: the first is from 1930 to 1960, the second, from 1960 to 1980 and the third, from 1980 to 1990 (41, 82, 122).

16. Internal Citation • The development of coffee consumption in Taiwan can be divided into three major periods: respectively, from 1930 to 1960, from 1960 to 1980, and from 1980 to 1990 (Fan 41, 82, 122).

17. 3. Way to alter original texts. • First of all, “[t]he news [i]s subjective, spoken by a person,”strongly affirmed by Margaret Morse, a Professor of Film and Video at UC Santa Cruz.