BRAZIL Regional Energy Leader

1. BRAZILRegional Energy Leader 10th largest energy consumer in the world largest in South America

2. Outline • Thesis • Historical overview • Forms of energy • Conclusion

3. Thesis Through Brazil’s efforts to free themselves from dependence on foreign energy, they have revolutionized forms of energy production and are on their way to becoming a regional exporter.

4. Beginning • In 1975, Brazil’s military dictatorship launched an ethanol program that included subsidies to farmers and required all service stations in towns larger than 1500 people to supply ethanol • When the military dictatorship failed, subsidies to farmers were cut and with falling prices of oil; ethanol production slowed dramatically • Research continued though till ethanol was capable of being produced at 20cents a liter. • 1997- Brazil approved the Brazilian Petroleum Investment Law

5. Oil • Brazil is the world's 19th largest oil producer • 1997 the government opened up oil production to private companies and also freed oil prices from state control • 1.1 million barrels a day 1997 • 2.1 million barrels a day 2007 • 13 refiners refine 1.9million bbl/d

8. Ethanol • largest producer and exporter of ethanol in the world, producing 282,000 bbl/d in 2005 • over half of all cars in the country are of the flex-fuel variety • ethanol will be cheaper than gasoline as long as the price of oil is over $45 a barrel

10. Natural Gas • Substitute for fuel oil • 11.5 Tcf of reserves • Production slow down • Imports • Infrastructure projects

12. Coal • 11.1 billion tons of recoverable reserves • Domestic reserves • Imports • BNDES

13. Electricity

14. Hydroelectric power • One of leading producers in the world • Distribution problems • State and privately owned sectors • Itaipu Dam • World’s largest dam • 12.6 GW production capacity • 20 generators

17. Conclusion • Brazil has nearly accomplished the goal of self-efficiency for energy through its efforts to enhance production and develop and implement new technologies to their greatest potential. Through their efforts in oil, ethanol, natural gas, coal, and electricity, Brazil has been able to become a major consumer and future exporter of energy.

18. References • CBS News. (2006). In brazil, the driving is sweeter. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/29/eveningnews/main1454613.shtml • Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (2007). Brazil: Hydroelectric resources. Retrieved May/26, 2007, from http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-25093/Brazil • Energy Information Administration. (2007). Brazil. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Background.html • Itaipu Binacional. (2007). Historical background. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://itaipu.gov.br/ • Washington Post. (2006). Brazil's road to energy independence. Retrieved May/24, 2007, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/AR2006081900842.html • World Bank. (2004). Electricity production. Retrieved May/23, 2007, from http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/report.do?method=showReport • Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Coal. Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Coal.html • Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Electricity. Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/Electricty.html • Energy Information Administration. (2006). Brazil: Natural Gas. Retrieved 5/23, from http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Brazil/NaturalGas.html • Brazil: A Country Study. (1997). Energy. Retrieved 5/23, from http://countrystudies.us/brazil/76.htm