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Warm up – 10/22/13

Warm up – 10/22/13. Read the article “Cuba: Doing it your way” Explain at least 4 options you have if you want to travel to Cuba. Which options seem the easiest? Why? Which options seem the hardest? Why?

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Warm up – 10/22/13

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  1. Warm up – 10/22/13 • Read the article “Cuba: Doing it your way” • Explain at least 4 options you have if you want to travel to Cuba. • Which options seem the easiest? Why? • Which options seem the hardest? Why? • Of the 5 themes of geography we talked about at the beginning of the semester, which themes does this article show?

  2. Rules of the museum…remember • No phones! Texting in a museum can be distracting, keep them away! • Keep voices low! Treat it like a real museum! Shhh • Be polite. Many people are walking around, use your manners and do not push or shove anyone. That’s rude!! • ** When you are finished with the walk, grab a book and sit at your desk**

  3. New People Arrive in Latin America! The Portuguese & Spanish!

  4. Treaty of Tordesillas • A line of longitude to divide the area of Portugal conquest and Spanish conquest – so that there was NO confusion! • Implemented by the catholic church • 1494

  5. Treaty of Tordesillas

  6. Conquest of the Americas • Hernan Cortes • Led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire in Mexico! • Began the first phase of Spanish colonization of the Americas • Around 1520 • Francisco Pizarro • Led the expedition that conquered the Incan empire! (Peru) • Conquered them quickly and brutally • Around 1530

  7. Conquest of the Americas • Pedro Cabral • A Portuguese discoverer of Brazil! • Claimed the east side of South America for Portugal! • Around 1500 • Francisco de Orellana • Spanish conquistador. • First to explore the Amazon River! • Helped Pizarro conquer Peru.

  8. So what’s going on here… • Portugal came do dominate Brazil! • Spain came to dominate parts of N. America, C. America and most of S. America • In your books, turn to page 525. Look at the map of colonial Latin America. • Answer the “geography skills” questions. Be ready to discuss this map.

  9. Social Classes • European’s (Spanish and Portuguese) set up the social classes in the colonies much like the social classes in their home country. • Social classes divided based on privilege! • This is called a caste system.

  10. Caste System • Permanent • Based on what place of the social hierarchy you are BORN into. • Do you think this is a fair way of doing things?

  11. Peninsulares • Spanish and Portuguese officials who had been born in Europe. • Held important government positions.

  12. Creoles • People of Spanish descent but born in Latin America • Controlled land and business • Could be part of the militia • Really resented the Peninsulares

  13. Mestizos • The child of a European and a Native American. • 25% of population • Not rich, not poor…just in the middle (economically)

  14. Mulattoes • The child of a European and African American (slave)

  15. Native Americans and Slaves • Usually at the bottom of the caste system • Lots of other groups emerged as a result of unions between Mestizos and Mulattoes and between Native Americans and Africans.

  16. Resources from Latin America • This was a source of wealth for the Spanish and Portuguese • Removed natural resources • Gold, silver, deforestation, crops, etc. • Needed to maintain a supply of labor so…

  17. Encomienda System • Put into place by the Spanish crown. • Native Americans forced to pay tribute and provide labor to Spanish landowners. • Spanish landowners given a certain amount of Native American to “look after”.

  18. Religion • Spanish and Portuguese wanted to Christianize the native people! • Sent missionaries • Built cathedrals, hospitals, schools and orphanages • Women could become nuns!

  19. So at this point…things are going right a long in the colonies… what could go wrong?

  20. Revolution! • In your notes, answer these questions then discuss with a partner! • What is a revolution? • Why do people have revolutions? • Give some reasons you think the people of Latin America wanted a revolution?

  21. Causes of Latin AmericanRevolutions • Enlightenment Ideas  challenging traditional ways. Thinking about reason and individualism. • Creole discontent at being left out of government jobs and trade concessions. Angry at peninsulares • Inspiration of American and French Revolutions. • Preoccupation of Spain & Portugal in fighting the Napoleonic Wars. (Weakens them)

  22. Enlightenment Ideas • Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS] govern natural science and human society. • Give people rights  life, liberty, property! • Make fair societies based on reason possible.

  23. And so we have….Revolutions!!

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