The WMO Space Programme

1. The WMO Space Programme Dr Donald E. Hinsman Head WMO Space Programme World Meteorological Organization

2. Outline  • WMO Structure • Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS • WMO Space Programme • WMO Space Programme Implementation • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system

3. WMO and UN - Historical Background • Aug 1853 First International Meteorological Congress • Sept 1873 IMO created as a non-governmental body • Jun 1945 Creation of the United Nations • Feb 1946 Extraordinary Conference of Directors of NMSs • Sept 1947 Conference of Directors adopt WMO Convention • Mar 1950 Entry into force of WMO Convention • Dec 1951 Specialized Agency of UN Membership ( September 2004): 187 States and Territories

4. Purposes of WMO • To promote and foster meteorology, hydrology, and related geophysical sciences and to facilitate world-wide cooperation for the benefit of humankind: • Networks for meteorological / hydrological and other geophysical observations; • Standardization of observations and publications; • Development of operational hydrology; • Systems for processing and rapid exchange of data; • Applications for socio-economic development (transportation, water, agriculture, oceans, pollution control, etc), environment protection, and policy formation; • Disaster prevention and mitigation; • Research and training.

5. Organizational Structure • Congress, supreme body, determines the future policy (meets every 4 years) • Executive Council, 36 Directors of Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services. They act in their individual capacities (meets annually) • Regional Associations (6) - Address regional concerns • Technical Commissions (8) - Technical experts make recommendations on scientific or technical issues within the purposes of WMO • Secretariat with Regional (3) and subregional (4) Offices

6. WMO Regions

7. TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS Basic Commissions • Commission for Basic System (CBS) • Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) • Commission for Hydrology (CHy) • Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) Applications Commissions • Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM) • Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) • Joint Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) • Commission for Climatology (CCl)

8. WMO Programme Structure WorldClimate Programme AtmosphericResearchandEnvironmentProgramme ApplicationsofMeteorologyProgramme HydrologyandWaterResourcesProgramme WMO Space Programme Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme World Weather Watch Programme Education and Training Programme Technical Cooperation Programme Regional Programme

9. Outline • WMO Structure • Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS • WMO Space Programme • WMO Space Programme Implementation • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system 

10. On April 1, 1960 the first U.S. • weather satellite was • launched from • Cape Canaveral, FL Satellites were the genesis On April 1, 1960 the first U.S. weather satellite was launched from Cape Canaveral, FL • SATELLITES AND THE WWW • UN Resolution No. 1721 for “international co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space” approved 20 December 1961 • Advent of satellites offered substantial opportunities for improvements in meteorological services • Called on WMO to lead a study and report on recommendations of the UN Resolution • Report delivered in June 1962 • “First report on the advancement of atmospheric sciences and their application in the light of developments in outer space” • Birth of World Weather Watch

11. WWW’s space-based component of the GOS (2000)

12. WMO space-based sub-system of the WWW’s Global Observing System (2004) Unparalleled international cooperation has been achieved in satellite activities*

13. Status of the WWW’s space-based component GOS • Standing members • operational satellite operators • Newest members • NASA – Aqua, Terra, NPP, TRMM, QuickScat • JAXA – ADEOS-II, GCOM series • ESA – ERS 1 and 2, ENVISAT • FSA –METEOR 3M N1 (R&D inst), OKEAN series • CNES – Jason-1, SPOT-5 • IMD – INSAT series • Republic of Korea – COMSAT-1 • Possible future members • {JAXA – GOSAT}

14. Outline • WMO Structure • Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS • WMO Space Programme • WMO Space Programme Implementation • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system 

15. WMO Space Programme • Fourteenth WMO Congress (May 2003): • Recognized critical and fast growing importance of data, products and services provided by WWW’s expanding space-based component of the GOS to WMO Programmes and supported Programmes • Decided to initiate a new major WMO Space Programme as a cross-cutting programme to increase the effectiveness and contributions from satellite systems • CBS lead Technical Commission

16. International coordination • CGMS (Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites) • CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) • IGOS (Integrated Global Observing Strategy) Partnership • COPUOS (UNISPACE III) • GEO and its GEOSS (WWW’s space-based GOS, a major GEOSS component)

17. Outline • WMO Structure • Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS • WMO Space Programme • WMO Space Programme Implementation • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system 

18. WMO Space Programme Implementation • Coordination with space agencies within CGMS and CEOS • Organization for new WMO Expert Team on Satellite Systems • Development WMO portions 10-Year Implementation Plan for GEOSS • Interaction with the WMO Expert Team on Evolution of the GOS • Preparation for symposia to identify R&D satellite data and products for transition to operational satellites • Continuation & Expansion of Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training in Satellite Meteorology

19. Evolution of GOS • Implementation Plan for Evolution of the GOS contains 47 recommendations • 20 address the space-based sub-system of the GOS (requires WMO Space Programme to interact with space agencies) • WMO Space Programme reviewing GEOSS draft Implementation Plan

20. IGeoLab * concept of an International Geostationary Laboratory (IGeoLab) supported by CGMS in May 04 * goal is international partnering on instrument, S/C, launch, and test /evaluation of possible future Geo orbit capabilities * two test proposals have been drafted to demonstrate the benefits and viability of the concept (1) demonstration of the GIFTS instrument at several geographical locations (2) development and exploitation of a sub-mm sounding instrument in geo orbit * IGeoLab Task Team will review proposals (Dec 04) and make recommendation for consideration at the next Consultative Meeting on High Level Policy on Satellite Matters (Jan 05).

21. GIFTS GeostationaryImagingFourierTransformSpectrometer Soundings and winds with vertical resolution 4-d Digital Camera: Horizontal: Large area format Focal Plane detector Arrays Vertical: Fourier Transform Spectrometer Time: Geostationary Satellite

22. G O M A S Geostationary Observatory for Microwave Atmospheric Sounding precipitation measurements and all weather sounding

23. Increased real time access to satellite data • EUMETSAT ATOVS Retransmission Service (EARS) has increased ATOVS real time access in Northern Hemisphere • Access to near real time ATOVS data important for WMO activities such as implementation planning for the redesign (evolution) of the GOS and THORPEX • EARS extremely effective example of ADM • Need to extend coverage into Southern Hemisphere • WMO Space Programme to act as catalyst to form local consortia (regional ATOVS Retransmission Services) similar to EARS • WMO SG written to CGMS and WMO Members • IGDDS to link regional ADMs into a global data dissemination service

24. New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellites • To provide institutional WMO constituent body support with appropriate satellite expertise • CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite Utilization and Products focused on utilization • New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite Systems will • Provide the necessary satellite expertise to ensure an integrated WMO global observing system • Be Comprised solely of representatives from space agencies contributing to the space-based component of the GOS • ET-SAT will detail capabilities of space-based sub-system of GOS (needed for evaluating how well user requirements in various application areas are being met)

25. Observational Data Requirements versus Capabilities of the Global Observing System * database of user requirements and observing system capabilities are updated periodically * user requirements are charted against observing system capabilities to find gaps in GOS System & Capability Performance Requirement Applications Area

26. Virtual Laboratory for Training in Satellite Meteorology • WMO and operators of operational meteorological satellites have formed the Virtual Laboratory for Training in Satellite Meteorology • Virtual Laboratory - collaborative effort joining the major satellite operators across the globe with WMO “Centres of Excellence” in satellite meteorology • “Centres of Excellence” serve as the satellite-focused training resource for WMO Members • - Five WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centres and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre • - Four satellite operators are NOAA/NESDIS, EUMETSAT, China’s NSMC, and JMA • - Potential for seventh in Oman

27. Collaboration is the key to success San Jose Costa Rica Narobi Kenya NESDIS EUMETSAT Niamey Niger Bridgetown Barbados Virtual Laboratory December, 2000 JMA NSMC Melbourne Australia Nanjing China

28. Regional Training Seminar on the Use of Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological Applications, RMTC, Nanjing, China, December 2000 • People's Republic of China (NSMC) cosponsoring RMTC in Nanjing • First training event held in Nanjing as a “specialized Centre of Excellence” • Train the trainers • First event held within the concept of the Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training in Satellite Meteorology • Another “first” - seven “observers” recorded their “first” in seeing snow

29. Regional Training Seminar on the Use of Environmental Satellite Data in Meteorological Applications, RMTC, Nanjing, China, December 2000 • Most lectures made either through Microsoft Powerpoint presentations or stand alone versions of the Regional Mesoscale Satellite Image and Display System (RAMSDIS) • First RAMSDIS lessons proved the concept of linking together centres of expertise by accessing near real-time data from the USA

30. Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002 • First training event held since the formation of the Virtual Laboratory (VL) Focus Group (May 2001) at a meeting hosted by EUMETSAT in Darmstadt, Germany • VL Focus Group provides • - high quality and up-to-date training resources on current and future meteorological and other environmental satellite systems, data, products and applications and • - enables the “Centres of Excellence” to facilitate and foster research and the development of socio-economic applications at the local level by the NMHS through the provision of effective training and links to relevant science groups

31. Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002 • Important to APSATS 2002 - WMO EC decision to expand the space-based component of the GOS to include appropriate R&D satellite missions • NASA and ESA both have made firm commitments for the participation of their satellite missions, i.e. Aqua, Terra, NPP, GPM, ENVISAT, etc. • ESA provided materials relevant to ENVISAT • NASA provided a guest lecturer, Dr. William Ridgeway, to demonstrate the capabilities of MODIS

32. Asia Pacific Satellite Applications Training Seminar 2002, BMTC, Melbourne, Australia, May 2002 • Dr Ray Zehr (NOAA/NESDS/CIRA) provided two 90 minute lectures using VISITView from the USA (and in the process claimed the record for the most students in a single VISITView training session) • Dr Roger Weldon (NOAA/NESDIS) used VISITView to answer questions from the USA about his material which was delivered to the workshop by Dr Ian Bell (BMTC). • VISITView was also used for a live global image discussion between staff at CIRA, COMET, University of Wisconsin and the APSATS 2002 course using imagery from all of the geostationary meteorological satellites

33. THE ROLE OF SATELLITES IN WMO PROGRAMMES IN THE 2010s 2003, WMO Space Programme Technical Document -1 WMO/TD No. 1177 By Dr Ghassem Asrar (NASA), Dr Tillmann Mohr (EUMETSAT) and Mr Greg Withee (NOAA)

34. Background • 1977 - last authoritative WMO TD describing role of satellite in WMO Programmes • Authored by D.S. Johnson (NOAA) and I.P. Vetlov (USSR) • Mid 1990’s - implementation recommendations for space-based component GOS completed • 2001- EC agrees to expand GOS to include appropriate R&D missions • First sesssion CM agreed to update 1977 TD • Dr Asrar, Dr Mohr and Mr Withee agreed to co-author • Available on CD ROM, hard copy and WMO Space Programme web page

35. Contents • History and development of the space-based component of the Global Observing System • Current capabilities and WMO observational requirements • Challenges for the observing systems • Near-term configuration of the space-based component of the Global Observing System (GOS)

36. Outline • WMO Structure • Status of the WWW’s space-based sub-system GOS • WMO Space Programme • WMO Space Programme Implementation • Towards an integrated WMO global observing system 

37. Towards an integrated WMO GOS • CM-4 recommendation for EC-XLVI (June 2004) consideration • Space-based sub-system of an integrated WMO global observing system • operational meteorological polar orbiting satellites • operational meteorological geostationary satellites • environmental Research and Development satellite constellations • Three Earth-system domains and two cross-cutting sets of requirements for atmosphere, ocean, land, climate and natural disaster reduction

38. Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued) • Three Earth-system domains • Atmosphere meeting the needs of • operational WWW, aviation meteorology (CAeM) and agricultural meteorology (CAgM) • weather research WWRP (CAS) • atmospheric chemistry, GAW – CAS • Ocean meeting the needs of • Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) • JCOMM

39. Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued) • Three Earth-system domains (continued) • Land surface and fresh water meeting the needs of • World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHyCOS) • Hydrology and Water Resource Programme (HWR) as articulated through CHy • WMO-co-sponsored Global terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) • CAgM

40. Towards an integrated WMO GOS (continued) • Two cross-cutting sets of requirements • Climate, incremental to, and integrating across, the domain-based observing systems meeting the needs of • climate research, (WCRP) • climate policy, articulated through SBSTA, COP, based on information from IPCC etc. • climate monitoring and services, articulated through CCl, CAgM, CHy • Natural disaster reduction, incremental to, and integrating across, the domain-based observing systems to support WMO Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme

41. Exciting times for WMO Members • Space-based component of the GOS continues to expand • Provides valuable satellite data, products and services more so than ever before in the history of the World Weather Watch • WMO established a new WMO Space Programme • Efforts towards an integrated WMO global observing system • WMO Space Programme Implementation Activities • New CBS OPAG IOS Expert Team on Satellite Systems • “The Role of Satellites in WMO Programmes in the 2010s”

42. Thank you