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Early Middle ages

Early Middle ages. Rise of the Carolingians. The Franks, under Clovis. The Frankish kingdom included most of France and southwestern Germany. Clovis divided his kingdom among his four sons. Property divided equally as per Frankish tradition unlike Romans who followed primogeniture

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Early Middle ages

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  1. Early Middle ages Rise of the Carolingians

  2. The Franks, under Clovis • The Frankish kingdom included most of France and southwestern Germany. • Clovis divided his kingdom among his four sons. • Property divided equally as per Frankish tradition unlike Romans who followed primogeniture 3. After Clovis's death in 511, the Merovingians fell into a long period of civil war.

  3. The aristocratic Carolingian family emerged to replace the Merovingians • Pippin I had been the head (mayor) of the royal palace. • Pippin II, Charles Martel, and Pippin III acquired great land and wealth, and defeated other contenders and outside tribal threats such as the Saxons and the Arabs.

  4. The Carolingians acquired the support of the church • Pippin III's acquisition of the kingship was aided by Pope Zacharias. b. The church supported Charlemagne, and in 800 the pope crowned him the emperor. c. The coronation gave rise to theories of both imperial and papal supremacy.

  5. The empire of Charlemagne • Territorial expansion • Charlemagne continued the Carolingian tradition by building a large European kingdom. • He checked Muslim expansion by establishing marches (strongly fortified areas) and conquered the Saxon German tribes. .

  6. Expansion cont’d 3. He incorporated Lombardy into the Frankish kingdom. 4. He added northern Italy to his kingdom, but his Spanish campaign failed, inspiring the Song of Roland

  7. The government of the Carolingian Empire • The empire of Charlemagne was mainly a collection of agricultural estates. • The political power of the Carolingians depended on the cooperation of the Frankish aristocracy. • Charlemagne divided his empire into counties, ruled by counts and viscounts.

  8. Charlemagne appointed missi dominici as links between local authorities and the central government. • Margraves ruled in the frontier regions.

  9. Charlemagne left his empire to his son, Louis the Pious • Louis drew up the Arrangement of the Empire to divide his empire. • The huge empire lacked an efficient bureaucracy. • Lothar received the crown. • Dissatisfied with their portions, Louis's sons--Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald--fought bitterly. • Finally, in the Treaty of Verdun in 843, they agreed to divide up the empire.

  10. Feudalism • feudalism is a political and legal system. • Feudalism was a type of government in which power was considered private and was divided among many lords, and was the main type of government in Europe from 900 to 1300.

  11. Feudalism continued • Feudalism existed at two social levels, that of armed retainers (knights) and of royal officials such as counts. • The adoption of the stirrup made the cavalry a potent weapon, and armed retainers became very valuable. • Retainers took an oath of fealty, and some, called vassals, were given estates by their lords. • Counts held power at the local level and came to rule independently.

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