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Early Middle Ages

Islam Faith Expansion Christian Church Early History Gregory VII Crusades Why? What?. Key Terms Popes & Papal Primacy Jerusalem Pope Urban II Indulgences. Early Middle Ages. Justinian. Established Code of Justinian. He reunified most of the old Roman empire.

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Early Middle Ages

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  1. Islam Faith Expansion Christian Church Early History Gregory VII Crusades Why? What? Key Terms Popes & Papal Primacy Jerusalem Pope Urban II Indulgences Early Middle Ages

  2. Justinian • Established Code of Justinian. • He reunified most of the old Roman empire. • Christianity was the official religion; non-Christian worship was outlawed.

  3. Code Of Justinian • Established a single code of laws for all. • Its influence today: • Laws should be written down. • Punishments for a crime should be the same for all. Code of Justinian = JUSTICE

  4. Muhammad(570?-632) • Born about 570 AD and grew up in Mecca. • After marriage, he became a social activist. • Received revelations from the angel Gabriel eventually included in the Koran. • In 622 he moved from Mecca to Medina and became VERY influential, spreading the word of Islam.

  5. Five Pillars Of Islam • Creed/Faith: The belief there is only one God whose name is Allah; Muhammad is the prophet of Allah. • Prayer: Five times per day believers must wash and purify themselves, face Mecca, and pray. • Almsgiving: All should contribute money to the poor/needy. • Fast between daylight until nightfall during the month of Ramadan. • Pilgrimage to Mecca during one’s lifetime.

  6. Islam, Judaism, Christianity • All worship the same God. • Much of the Old Testament, including prophets Abraham & Moses, are accepted (Muslims & Jews don’t accept Jesus as the Savior). • The belief in charity to the poor/weak. • Jerusalem is an important city. • Jews-land of Abraham; promised by God. • Christians- land of Jesus’ ministry. • Muslims- where Muhammad ascended to heaven.

  7. Dome Of The Rock & Western Wall(Jerusalem)

  8. Solomon’s Temple, Jerusalem

  9. Following Muhammad’s Death • Islamic world grew and covered more territory than the old Roman Empire at its height.

  10. Arabian/Islamic Impact… • Irrigation-increased agricultural production. • Numbering System- Arabic Numerals replaced cumbersome Roman Numerals.

  11. Christianity & Papal Primacy • Following the Roman Empire’s fall, many in western Europe looked to Rome for leadership.

  12. Following the Roman Empire’s fall, many in western Europe looked to Rome for leadership. Over the centuries, Popes in Rome began to assert more power & authority. Christianity & Papal Primacy

  13. Gregory VII(1073-1085) • Describe three statements made by Pope Gregory VII asserting the power of the Pope & Papal Primacy.

  14. Crusades • A series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims. • Access to and control of Jerusalem was one key cause.

  15. Pope Urban’s Call • If they decide to fight, what will they receive?

  16. Crusades(1100-1200) • 1st Crusade: 1097-1099 • Christians regain control of Jerusalem. • 2nd Crusade: 1147-1149 • Muslims recapture Jerusalem. • 3rd Crusade: 1189-1192 • Draw: Muslims retain control of Jerusalem but allow access to the city.

  17. Indulgences • Money paid to the Church to help the war effort. • Why pay this money? • If a person gave the Church money, sins were forgiven and a place in heaven was secured.

  18. Islam Expansion Christian Church Early History Gregory VII Crusades Why? What? Key Terms Popes & Papal Primacy Jerusalem Pope Urban II Indulgences Early Middle Ages

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