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Historical Foundations of Education: HUMANISM

Historical Foundations of Education: HUMANISM. Foundations of Education. Humanism during the Renaissance and Reformation Period. Topic Outline. Renaissance Period. La Pieta by Michelangelo. Mona lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci. Renaissance Period.

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Historical Foundations of Education: HUMANISM

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  1. Historical Foundations of Education: HUMANISM Foundations of Education

  2. Humanism during the Renaissance and Reformation Period Topic Outline

  3. Renaissance Period La Pieta by Michelangelo Mona lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci

  4. Renaissance Period Copernicus discovers the earth revolved around the sun Columbus discovered the Americas

  5. Reformation Period Martin Luther started the Reformation period Gutenbuerg Perfected the Printing Press

  6. HUMANISM •  Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

  7. Derived from the Latin word humanitaswhich means “culture”. • This movement started in the early part of the 14th even up to the 16th century. • This period was marked by a revival of the classical influences of the Romans and Greeks, expressed in the flowering of the arts and literature as well as the beginning of modern science. HUMANISM

  8. RENAISSANCE came from the French word “renaitre” . • It was a general re-awakening, a revival or rebirth of learning. • The renaissance upheld the dignity of the human being, renewed the spirit of nationalism. • It is also the time for increased trade among countries, and a period of exploration. • This lead to scientific research which was used to solve problems. • Books were printed and thus were made more widely available. The Renaissance Period

  9. Humanism • The Reformation • Protestant Reformation • Catholic-Counter Reformation • Realism • Disciplinism • Rationalism • Naturalism • Nationalism • Developmentalism Different movements that arise during the Renaissance Period

  10. Italian Humanism or individual humanism • Humanism North of the Alps (NotA) or the Social humanism Humanistic Education was the outgrowth of the renaissance. It identified two phases:

  11. Italian or individual humanism • This stressed • personal culture, • individual • freedom and • the development • of the elite group.

  12. Academic Freedom • Abundant Living • Liberal Education Aims of Italian Humanism

  13. Literary and Aesthetic Education • Physical Education • Moral and Religious Training • Intellectual Training Types of Education

  14. Lower or elementary schools • Secondary or Court schools • Universities Organization of Grade Levels • Girls were taught by tutors at home • The boys had to go through school step by step: elementary, high school and university. Agencies of Humanistic Education

  15. Lecture • Writing Themes • Development of Self-expression • Development of interest and power of thinking • Balanced mental and physical activity. Methods of Instruction

  16. Curriculum was varied and there was alteration of subjects. • Discipline was mild and motivation was emphasized. • Punishment – not used as motivation for learning Methods of Instruction (cont.)

  17. Rich children paid • Bright but poor children received aid. • The court (secondary) schools were founded and supported by the princes and dukes of the Italian city-states. Financing

  18. Secondary schools served as models in other countries. • Academic freedom was founded: freedom of thought, self-expression, and creative activity. • Revival of Roman and Greek classics. • Use of texts and less of lectures and written themes instead of oral recitation. Italian Humanism contributed the following to education:

  19. This Social Humanism started by the workof the Hieronymians or Brothers of the Common Life, a nonmonastic order founded in Holland 1376. Characteristics of the Northern Humanism • The piety of the brethren – Kempis • Their broad literary spirit - Erasmus Humanism North of the Alps

  20. Popular Humanist during this time: • Erasmus • 1466-1536 • a Dutch scholar • Known for his educational works “Liberal Education of children” & “On the Order of Study”

  21. Popular Humanist during this time: • Thomas à Kempis • 1380-1471 • a German writer • Known for his works in volumes and one volume is entitled “The Imitation of Christ”

  22. Social – to reform society from greed, selfishness and exploitation by Church and political leaders. • Religious and moral – morality ahead of manners. • Literacy – to wipe out the ignorance of the people. • Literary • Democratic – to make education accessible to all classes of society. Aims of Northern Humanism

  23. Social education • Religious and moral education • Literacy education • Literary education • Democratic education Types of Education

  24. Lower or elementary schools • Secondary schools Famous secondary schools • St. Paul School in London by John Colet • Gymnasium in Germany by Johann Sturm • Universities Famous Universities • Cambridge – Erasmus was the first teacher • Oxford • University of Wittenburg – by Melanchthon Agencies of Education

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