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Human Characteristics and Migration Patterns in Latin America

This chapter examines the diverse human characteristics and migration patterns in Latin America, highlighting the rich tapestry of ethnic groups including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans, and Asians. It discusses the blending of cultures, the prevalence of bilingualism, and the geographic distribution of populations. The chapter addresses migration motivations, such as improved living conditions and political freedom, and the challenges faced by urban areas due to internal migration. Additionally, it explores the dynamics of immigration to the U.S. and the socio-economic impacts on families and communities.

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Human Characteristics and Migration Patterns in Latin America

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  1. Population Patterns Chapter 9 Section 1

  2. Human Characteristics • About 570 million ppl (2008) • Many ethnic grps: • Amerindians (Natives/ Indigenous) • Europeans (Span, Port, & French started) • Argentina & Uruguay = immigrant nations • Africans • Asians (Chin. in Peru & Jap. in Brazil)

  3. Human Characteristics • Blending of grps: • Mestizos: Eur + Amerindians • (MX, Hond., El Salv., Para.) • Mulattoes: Eur + Africans • (Cuba, DR) • Zambos: African + Amerindians

  4. Human Characteristics • Language: • Spanish #1 • Brazil: Portuguese • Haiti, Martinique, F.G.: French • Jamaica, Belize, Guyana: English

  5. Human Characteristics • Lang. cont’d • Most ppl are bilingual • Erpn. and indigenous lang. • Patois- dialects that blend indigenous, Erpn., Afn, and Asn.

  6. Population • Growth @ 55% • 800 million by 2050 • Problem b/c geography limits where people live…like…? Pop. lives on 1/3 of land

  7. Population • Populated Rim: • Most live on coast • Why not interior? Why coast? • E. Coast is most populated • N & W: Caracas to Santiago is next • Few live on NE coast (too tropical) & few in far S (Patagonia)

  8. Population • To get ppl to the interior, Braz. govn’t moved capital from Rio de Janerio to Brasilia

  9. Population • Density: don’t forget about size of country! • Ecuador= 118 ppl/sq. mile • Brazil= 52 ppl/sq. mile • Barbados= 1,807 ppl/sq. mile

  10. Population • Greater Mexico City is world’s 2nd most populous metro area (19.2 mil) • Tokyo is 1st (35.5 mil) • Sao Paulo is largest city in LA & 2nd in world (10 mil) • Seoul is largest (10.2)

  11. Migration • Reason to move N to US: • better living conditions, pol. freedom, & to escape pol. unrest • Mostly from MX, Cen. Am., and Caribbean • Most move to CA, TX, NY, FL, and IL

  12. Migration • “Coyotes”- those who help to illegally smuggle ppl, esp. from MX • Multibillion $ business • Some do it to help • Others are ruthless and violent

  13. Migration • “Wet foot” vs. “Dry foot” • For Cuban immigrants • Make it to land, they’re granted asylum from communist Cuba • Can apply for citizenship • Those caught in water are sent back

  14. Migration • Seven Mile Bridge • Connects mainland to FL islands • Damaged multiple times from hurricanes • If Cubans make it to old part/piers that are no longer connected sent back to Cuba (not on US soil)

  15. Migration • Internal Migration: • Rural to urban for jobs • Fertile land is scarce or not shared by wealthy • MX City, Rio & Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires- most urbanized • Stresses cities resources (fresh water, sewers, utilities, HOUSING)

  16. in Rio de Janeiro Migration • Common pattern: Move to city for job  Rural ppl lack edu./ skills for good job  Housing, schools & health care strained No $ to return to village  Forced to live in pov. w/ poor housing  Families split under stress  Many homeless children

  17. Migration • Moving to other LA countries • Leave mostly for pull factors • DR is in bad shape…many move to NYC (800,000 in 80s) or PR (200,000 in 80s) waiting to get into US • Haitians moving to DR stress resources • Read “Terror at Sea” & write reflection

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