Starter Activity: Draw a line down the middle of your show me board.

1. Starter Activity: Draw a line down the middle of your show me board. On one side, you must write all the advantages of genetic engineering, and on the other, all the disadvantages – no notes!

2. Key Area 7 Photosynthesis

3. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning the overall process of photosynthesis. Success Criteria: Be able to state what a carbohydrate is. Be able to write the word equation for Photosynthesis.

4. Watch and Listen • Plants are Amazing!

5. Energy All our energy comes from the sun. Sun gives the energy to plants They make it in to food Plants pass its energy on to animals We eat the animals or plants (to get energy)

6. Plant Cell

7. Plants and Light Plants manufacture their own food in a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS. When a plant carries out photosynthesis it combines simple substances to make carbohydrates like glucose and starch. Photosynthesis is carried out in the leaves of a plant. PHOTO SYNTHESIS (Light) (To build)

8. Photosynthesis Sunlight is extremely important as it provides the energy for plants to make their own food Cells in green plants make their own food in a process known as photosynthesis Photosynthesis is an enzyme-controlled process where light energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy Chlorophyll is a green pigment (colour) found in disc-shaped structures called chloroplasts in green leaves

9. Carbohydrates • The food that a plant makes is called glucose. • Some of this is used immediately as an energy source and the rest is changed into starch for storage • Starch is a large andinsoluble molecule so it cannot leave the plant cell. • Glucose and starch are carbohydrates made up of the following elements: carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

10. Watch and Listen • Photosynthesis Video Clip While watching this clip, think about how green plants affect the composition of gases in the atmosphere.

11. Photosynthesis Equation Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 Raw Materials Products Light energy chlorophyll The process of photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy.

13. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning the overall process of photosynthesis Success Criteria: Be able to state what a carbohydrate is Be able to write the word equation for photosynthesis

14. Starter Activity: On a show me board, using no notes, write out the photosynthesis word equation. Make sure you label the raw materials and products. Question - How do green plants affect the composition of gases in the atmosphere?

15. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning how to test a leaf for the presence of starch Success Criteria: Be able to take part in an investigation to prove that a leaf is photosynthesising Be able to describe the experiment carried out Be able to name the solution used to test for starch

17. Investigating Conditions Needed for Photosynthesis • Before we can carry out investigations to find out the conditions required for photosynthesis, we need to know the process for proving that a leaf has photosynthesised • What do you think we will test a leaf for?

18. Testing a leaf for starch Important Points: • 1) We boil the leaf to remove the waxy coating so our stain can get inside the leaf • 2) We place the leaf in ethanol to remove the green colour so we can see the colour change.

19. Method • Place the leaf in a beaker of water. • Sit the beaker on a tripod stand and use a Bunsen Burner to boil the water. • TURN OFF THE BUNSEN BURNER. • Using tweezers, remove the leaf. • Place the leaf in a boiling tube with ethanol. • Place the boiling tube into the beaker of water. • Once the ethanol has turned green, remove the leaf using tweezers and test for the presence of starch, using Iodine solution.

20. Set up your experiment 100 ml of water in 250 ml beaker

21. Proving that Light is Required • Discuss with your partner how you think you can prove that light is required for photosynthesis to take place • Your teacher will listen to all of your ideas • You will then carry out an experiment to prove your hypothesis

22. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning how to test a leaf for the presence of starch Success Criteria: Be able to take part in an investigation to prove that a leaf is photosynthesising Be able to describe the experiment carried out Be able to name the solution used to test for starch

23. Starter Activity: What leaf (Q or R) would test positive for starch? Why?

24. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning to use skills we have already learned to carry out an investigation Success Criteria: Be able to carry out an investigation to prove that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis

25. Light energy from the sun is used by green plants to make their own food. Light energy is trapped by green pigment called chlorophyll Chlorophyll found in disc-shaped structures called chloroplasts Chlorophyll (green pigment)

26. Conditions Required for Photosynthesis • You will now carry out the test for starch on a variegated leaf • Write down your hypothesis.

27. Set up your experiment 100 ml of water in 250 ml beaker

28. Task • Write up your experiment including your aim, variables, method and results. • You must include a labelled diagram. • You must include the reasons for boiling the leaf and for resting it in alcohol.

29. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning to use skills we have already learned to carry out an investigation Success Criteria: Be able to carry out an investigation to prove that chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis

30. Starter Activity: Describe an experiment which shows that carbon dioxide is required for photosynthesis. You will need to use your knowledge from the “testing a leaf” experiment.

31. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning stage 1 of photosynthesis Success Criteria: Be able to name, describe and explain stage 1 of photosynthesis Be able to state the conditions required for stage 1

32. Photosynthesis Song

33. Photosynthesis Light energy Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2 Raw Materials Products

34. Photosynthesis (stage 1) • Photosynthesis happens in 2 stages. • Stage 1 is the Light Reaction. • It is sometimes called Photolysis.

35. Light energy Light energy trapped by chlorophyll in chloroplasts Water from roots water is split into oxygen and hydrogen Hydrogen attaches to hydrogen acceptor molecules. Light energy is converted to chemical energy : ADP + Pi ATP. Excess Oxygen diffuses from the cell

36. Light Reaction Stage 1 is sometimes called photolysis. Occurs in the chloroplasts. Splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen is produced and excess oxygen diffuses into the air. Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP (ADP + Pi  ATP). Hydrogen attaches to the hydrogen acceptor molecules. ATP and hydrogen are used in stage 2.

37. Task • In groups, pupils should play a part in a short production to show their class what happens during the light reaction. • Each person in the group must take part. • You may use Show Me Boards or paper to help demonstrate the light reaction.

38. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning stage 1 of photosynthesis Success Criteria: Be able to name, describe and explain stage 1 of photosynthesis Be able to state the conditions required for stage 1

39. Starter Activity: Answer the following questions in your class work jotter: Name the two raw materials of photosynthesis Name stage 1 Why is it sometimes referred to as the light-dependant stage? What is the energy change that takes place? Name two products made in stage 1 that are required for stage 2

40. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning stage 2 of photosynthesis Success Criteria: Be able to name, describe and explain stage 2 of photosynthesis Be able to state the conditions required for stage 2

41. Photosynthesis (stage 2) • Photosynthesis happens in 2 stages. • Stage 2 is called Carbon Fixation.

42. Hydrogen from stage 1 ATP from stage 1 Glucose formed Carbon dioxide (from air)

43. Carbon Fixation Stage 2 – sometimes referred to as temperature- dependent stage as it’s controlled by series of enzymes. ATP (from stage 1) provides energy for this process. Hydrogen from stage 1 combines with CO2 from the air to form glucose. The chemical energy in glucose is available for respiration or can be converted into other substances.

44. Task • Take a full page of your notebook and draw the two stages of photosynthesis linked together.

45. Task • In groups, pupils should play a part in a short production to show their class what happens during the whole process of photosynthesis. • Each person in the group must take part. • You may use Show Me Boards or paper to help demonstrate the process.

46. Consolidation Task Collect a National 5 text book and read pages 76 to 83. You must complete: Activity 7.1 working individually in your notebook, answering in FULL sentences. You should complete: Activity 7.2 working individually in your notebook, answering in FULL sentences. You could complete: Activity 7.3 working in pairs on A3 paper.

47. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning stage 2 of photosynthesis. Success Criteria: Be able to name, describe and explain stage 2 of photosynthesis. Be able to state the conditions required for stage 2.

48. Starter Activity: Answer on a show me board: Why is the glucose made in photosynthesis converted to starch?

49. Photosynthesis Learning Intention: We are learning the different uses of glucose in a plant cell. Success Criteria: Be able to name the two carbohydrates that glucose can be converted to. Be able to explain why each of the carbohydrates is suited to its function.

50. So . . . • The final product is glucose. • We already know that glucose can be converted to starch because starch is storage carbohydrate. • Glucose can also be converted into cellulose, a structural carbohydrate – used to build cell walls.