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The Moon

The Moon. A look at our nearest neighbor in Space!. Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com. What is the Moon?. A natural satellite One of more than 96 moons in our Solar System The only moon of the planet Earth. Location, location, location!.

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The Moon

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  1. The Moon A look at our nearest neighbor in Space! Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com

  2. What is the Moon? • A natural satellite • One of more than 96 moons in our Solar System • The only moon of the planet Earth

  3. Location, location, location! • About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) from Earth • 3,468 km (2,155 miles) in diameter (about ¼ the size of Earth)

  4. The Moon’s Surface • No atmosphere • No liquid water • Extreme temperatures • Daytime = 130C (265°F) • Nighttime = -190C (-310 F) • 1/6 Earth’s gravity

  5. Lunar Features - Highlands • Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tall • Rilles (trenchlike valleys)

  6. Lunar Features - Craters • Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across • Most formed by meteorite impact on the Moon • Some formed by volcanic action inside the Moon

  7. Lunar Features - Maria • Originally thought to be “seas” by early astronomers • Darkest parts of lunar landscape • Filled by lava after crash of huge meteorites on lunar surface 3-4 billion years ago • Mostly basalt rock

  8. Craters Can you see the rays? Maria Does this photo show us a limb or terminator line?

  9. Movements of the Moon • Revolution – Moon orbits the Earth every 271/3 days • The moon rises in the east and sets in the west • The moon rises and sets 50 minutes later each day • Rotation – Moon turns on its axis every 27 days • Same side of Moon always faces Earth

  10. Far Side of the Moon • First seen by Luna 3 Russian space probe in 1959 • Surface features different from near side • More craters • Very few maria • Thicker crust

  11. It’s Just a Phase • Moonlight is reflected sunlight • Half the moon’s surface is always reflecting light • From Earth we see different amounts of the Moon’s lit surface • The amount seen is called a “phase”

  12. Waxing and Waning • New moon • Waxing Crescent moon • First Quarter moon • Waxing Gibbous moon • Full moon • Waning Gibbous moon • Third Quarter moon • Waning Crescent moon • New moon

  13. FOUR MAIN SHAPES FULL CRESCENT Four Basic Shapes GIBBOUS QUARTER

  14. New Moon The lighted side of the Moon faces away from the Earth.  This means that the Sun, Earth, and Moon are almost in a straight line, with the Moon in between the Sun and the Earth.  The Moon that we see looks very dark

  15. New Moon

  16. First Quarter Moon The right half of the Moon appears lighted and the left side of the Moon appears dark.  During the time between the New Moon and the First Quarter Moon, the part of the Moon that appears lighted gets larger and larger every day, and will continue to grow until the Full Moon.

  17. First Quarter Moon

  18. Third (Last) Quarter Moon Sometimes called Third Quarter.  The left half of the Moon appears lighted, and the right side of the Moon appears dark.  During the time between the Full Moon and the Last Quarter Moon, the part of the Moon that appears lighted gets smaller and smaller every day. It will continue to shrink until the New Moon, when the cycle starts all over again.

  19. Third Quarter Moon

  20. Full Moon The lighted side of the Moon faces the Earth.  This means that the Earth, Sun, and Moon are nearly in a straight line, with the Earth in the middle.  The Moon that we see is very bright from the sunlight reflecting off it.

  21. Full Moon

  22. Waxing Crescent Moon This Moon can be seen after the New Moon, but before the First Quarter Moon.  The crescent will grow larger and larger every day, until the Moon looks like the First Quarter Moon. ("Waxing" means increasing, or growing larger.) http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  23. Waxing Crescent Moon http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  24. Waxing Gibbous Moon This Moon can be seen after the First Quarter Moon, but before the Full Moon.  The amount of the Moon that we can see will grow larger and larger every day.  ("Waxing" means increasing, or growing larger.) http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  25. Waxing Gibbous Moon http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  26. Waning Gibbous Moon This Moon can be seen after the Full Moon, but before the Last Quarter Moon.  The amount of the Moon that we can see will grow smaller and smaller every day. ("Waning" means decreasing, or growing smaller.) http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  27. Waning Gibbous Moon http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  28. Waning Crescent Moon This Moon can be seen after the Last Quarter Moon and before the New Moon.  The crescent will grow smaller and smaller every day, until the Moon looks like the New Moon. ("Waning" means decreasing, or growing smaller.) http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  29. Waning Crescent Moon http://btc.montana.edu/ceres/html/birthdayphases.html

  30. http://www.opencourse.info/astronomy/introduction/04.motion_moon/moon_phases.gifhttp://www.opencourse.info/astronomy/introduction/04.motion_moon/moon_phases.gif

  31. Earth Plane of earth’s orbit Moon Plane of lunar orbit Moon

  32. Lunar Eclipses • Moon moves into Earth’s shadow – this shadow darkens the Moon • Umbra • Penumbra • About 2-3 per year • Last up to 4 hours

  33. Solar Eclipses • Moon moves between Earth and Sun • Moon casts a shadow on part of the Earth • Total eclipses rare – only once every 360 years from one location!

  34. The Tides • Tides caused by pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth • High tide – • Side facing Moon and side away from Moon • Every 12 hours, 25 ½ minutes • Low tide – • On sides of Earth

  35. Exploring the Moon • 1950s to 1960s - probes • Neil Armstrong First man on the Moon – July 20, 1969 • Six Apollo missions (1969-1972) • 382 kg (842 lbs) rocks • 12 Americans have walked on the moon

  36. When will we return?

  37. Moon base of the future? • What would you need to live there?

  38. The Lunar Challenge!

  39. Name this phase! Full Moon What time does this phase rise and set?

  40. Name these features. Craters Maria Name these features.

  41. Does this image show us the near side or far side of the moon? Far Side How can you tell?

  42. Is this line the limb or terminator? Limb Terminator Is this line the limb or terminator?

  43. Name this phase! First Quarter

  44. Name this phase! Waxing Crescent

  45. Does this image show the near side or the far side of the moon? Near Side

  46. Name this phase! Waning Gibbous

  47. Name this phase! Third Quarter

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