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The Abbasid Empire

The Abbasid Empire. @750 - 1200 CE. The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE). Abu al- Abbas Sunni Arab, allied with Shia , non-Arab Muslims Seizes control of Persia and Mesopotamia Defeats Umayyad army in 750 Invited Umayyads to banquet, then massacred them Only Spain remains Umayyad

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The Abbasid Empire

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  1. The Abbasid Empire @750 - 1200 CE

  2. The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE) • Abu al-Abbas Sunni Arab, allied with Shia, non-Arab Muslims • Seizes control of Persia and Mesopotamia • Defeats Umayyad army in 750 • Invited Umayyads to banquet, then massacred them • Only Spain remains Umayyad • North Africa is disputed territory, ultimately Fatamid Mosque of Abu Abbasal-Mursi in Alexandria

  3. Nature of the Abbasid Dynasty • Diverse nature of administration (i.e. not exclusively Arab) • Militarily competent, but not bent on imperial expansion • Dar al-Islam • Growth through military activity of autonomous Islamic forces

  4. Victories • Syria: 635 A.D. • Palestine: 636 A.D. • Persia: captured in one battle • expansion into India • expansion to the borders of China • Egypt: help by local Christians • North Africa: the Berbers • Spain 711-720 A.D. • Battle of Tours: October 732 A.D. • Charles Martel • Siege of Constantinople: 717-718 A.D. • Leo III • Greek fire • beginnings of Christian re-conquest of former Roman/Christian territory

  5. Abbasid Decline • Civil war between sons of Harun al-Rashid • Provincial governors assert regional independence • Dissenting sects, heretical movements

  6. Imperial Breakdown • Problems with rural population • Declining position of women • Nomadic Incursion • Impact of Christian Crusades

  7. Reasons for Islam’s success • exhaustion of Rome and Persia • End of a 400 year war • nationalist sentiments in Egypt and Syria • arguments among Christian factions • speed and size of Muslim armies • simplicity and uncomplicated nature of Islam • acceptance of the Old and New Testament • People of the Book

  8. Consequences of Islamic Expansion • loss of the oldest and most central lands of Christendom • aided the ascendancy of the bishop of Rome • virtual collapse of Zoroastrianism as a major religion • radically altered the balance of power between the Roman Empire and the East • disruption of the Mediterranean economic community

  9. Re-centering of Islam • No religious center • Madrasses • Sufi brotherhoods • Asceticism, mysticism • Some tension with orthodox Islamic theologians • Wide popularity

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