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Understanding DNA Replication: Mechanisms, Mutation Rates, and Repair Processes

This overview explores DNA replication, the essential process for heredity, and its implications for mutation rates in organisms like E. coli and humans (1 in 10^9 bases). It details the semiconservative nature of replication, various correction mechanisms like exonucleolytic proofreading, and differences in replication across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The text covers the initiation of DNA replication, the role of telomerase, and the significance of mutation in evolution, highlighting that most mutations are deleterious and selectively eliminated.

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Understanding DNA Replication: Mechanisms, Mutation Rates, and Repair Processes

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  1. DNA replication Haixu Tang School of Informatics

  2. DNA replication and heredity

  3. Mutation rate • Low • E.Coli & human: 1 in 109 bases • Correction mechanism • Experiment measure of mutation rate • Many mutations are deleterious and eliminated by natural selection

  4. Mutation rates are different from protein to protein

  5. Reaction of DNA replication

  6. The semiconservative DNA replication

  7. Replication forks

  8. An incorrect model

  9. Correct model

  10. Exonucleolytic Proofreading of polymerase

  11. Why always 5’3’?

  12. Correct model

  13. Primase

  14. DNA synthesis of lagging strand

  15. DNA ligation

  16. DNA helicase

  17. Regulated sliding clamp

  18. A complete picture of lagging strand synthesis

  19. DNA repair

  20. DNA replication in eukaryotes

  21. Initiation of DNA replication

  22. Origin of DNA Replication • Bacterial Chromosomes Have a Single Origin of DNA Replication • Eucaryotic Chromosomes Contain Multiple Origins of Replication • Replication Origins in a Simple Eucaryote, the Budding Yeast is identified • The Mammalian DNA Sequences That Specify the Initiation of Replication Have Been Difficult to Identify

  23. DNA replication in cell cycle

  24. Telomerase Replicates the Ends of Chromosomes

  25. Spontaneous alterations in DNA

  26. DNA repair

  27. DNA recombination

  28. Site-specific recombination

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