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3.1 – Population Dynamics

Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use. 3.1 – Population Dynamics. IB Topics 3.1.1-3.1.4. Current Human Population. There are about 7 billion people living on Earth For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth. Milestones.

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3.1 – Population Dynamics

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  1. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use 3.1 – Population Dynamics IB Topics 3.1.1-3.1.4

  2. Current Human Population • There are about 7 billion people living on Earth • For about 200,000 years, there were between 1-15 million people on Earth

  3. Milestones • 1 Billion: 1804 • 2 Billion: 1927 • 3 Billion: 1960 • 4 Billion: 1974 • 5 Billion: 1987 • 6 Billion: 1999 • 7 Billion: 2012

  4. Demographics • If you reduce the worlds population to a village of 100 people… http://www.toby-ng.com/graphic-design/the-world-of-100/

  5. Predicted Growth • Some predict a stabilization of human population, while others predict a continued increase • Global Population Forecast

  6. Calculating Rates • Crude Birth Rate (CBR) • The number of live births per 1000 people • Equation:

  7. Calculating Rates • Crude Death Rate (CDR) • The number of deaths per 1000 people • Equation: • Natural Increase Rate (NIR) • CBR-CDR

  8. Calculating Rates • Fertility • The average number of births per women of child-bearing age • Equation:

  9. Calculating Rates • Doubling Time • The amount of time it takes for a population to double • Equation:

  10. Population Pyramids

  11. Population Pyramids

  12. Population Pyramids

  13. Population Pyramids

  14. Demographic Transition Model

  15. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use 3.2 – Resources – Natural Capital IB Topics 3.2.1-3.2.7

  16. Natural Capital • Natural resources/natural assets • Can become natural income • Goods or services

  17. Resources • Non-renewable • Cannot be replenished at the same rate they are used • Renewable • Living resources that can be replenished at the rate they are used via human processes • Replenishable • Non-living resources that can be replenished via natural processes

  18. Nature of a Resource • The value of a resource changes with human technology/culture

  19. Sustainability • Using resources at a rate that allows natural regeneration • Living within the means of nature • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

  20. Sustainable development • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. • Ex: fishing, hunting, energy

  21. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use 3.3 – Energy Sources IB Topics 3.3.1-3.3.3

  22. Making Energy • Electricity is delivered to homes and businesses via alternating current (AC) • AC power is generated when electromagnets are spun using a turbine

  23. Energy Sources Worldwide • 85% of the worlds energy comes from fossil fuels.

  24. Energy Production in Wisconsin

  25. Pollution from Energy in Wisconsin

  26. Renewable Energy in Wisconsin

  27. Energy Production Examples: • WI: • Pleasant Prairie Coal Plant 1190 MW • Oak Creek Coal Plant 1135 MW • Point Beach Nuclear Plant 1033 MW • Other Examples: • Three Gorges Dam 22,500 MW • Hoover Dam 2080 MW • Nellis Solar Power Plant 14MW (70,000 panels) • Big Wind Turbine 1.6 MW • Typical Geothermal Plant 40 MW

  28. Fossil Fuels

  29. Nuclear Power

  30. Wind Power

  31. Hydropower

  32. Solar Power

  33. Geothermal Power

  34. Biofuels

  35. Oil Palms

  36. Future Solutions • Hydrogen • Nuclear Fusion • Carbon Sequestration

  37. Topic 3 – Human Population, Carrying Capacity, and Resource Use 3.4 – Soil Systems IB Topics 3.4.1 – 3.4.5

  38. Soil • Soil is eroded rock, nutrients, decaying organic matter, and water

  39. Soil Formation • Soil is produced by: • Weathering of rock • Deposition of sediments by erosion • Decomposition of organic matter in dead organisms

  40. Soil Horizons • Soils generally have distinct horizons: • A horizon • Humus (decaying organic matter with mineral particles) • E horizon • Not always present, pale layer where minerals have been leached • B horizon • Organic matter and mineral deposits • C horizon • Weathered rock/bedrock

  41. Soil Texture • Soil type depends on the particle size • Sand = Biggest • Silt = Medium • Clay = Smallest

  42. Soil Texture

  43. Soil Types

  44. Soil Types

  45. Nutrients • Macronutrients • Nitrogen (needed for chlorophyll) • Phosphorous (needed for photosynthesis) • Potassium (needed for fruiting and growth) • Calcium • Magnesium • Sulfur

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