The Era of Good Feeling

1. The Era of Good Feeling 1815-1824

2. The Election of 1816

3. The Election of 1820

4. The Virginia Dynasty • Monroe’s cabinet - a difference in Political attitude? • John Quincy Adams “a bulldog among spaniels” • John C. Calhoun – Southern WarHawk • Other appts include N & S, E & W, Feds. & Repub. • Monroe’s Goodwill Tour (not since Washington), greeted by Feds and Repub., “era of good feeling had arrived”

5. . Rush Bagot Agreement,Convention of 1818

6. The First Seminole War and The Adams-Onis Treaty • Early 1800’s, Spain’s colonies in Latin America were declaring their independence ---Adams begins secret negotiations with Luis de Onis • Georgia residents vs. Seminole Indians • Seminoles crossing border, raiding American towns • Andrew Jackson – crossed over into E. Florida, BUT ALSO began seizing Spanish forts • Reactions of Americans and Euroepeans to Jackson’s actions were mixed • Secretary of State’s Adam’s “ultimatum” to Onis • Control Seminoles or cede E. Florida, 1819

7. The Monroe Doctrine • Referred to as America’s Self-Defense Doctrine • Hoping to protect Independence of New Latin American nations • Dispute with Russia over Pacific NW

8. The American System • War of 1812 convinced many of the need to support a stronger federal government • Henry Clay, “Nationalist” • National Bank --- to have a standard, sound currency, no longer rely on different printed notes by each State bank • Protective Tariff – 25% duty on imports to help industrial development • National Transportation System – Link North, South, and West manufacturers and farmers

9. The Transportation Revolution • National Road plans • Idea surfaces during Jefferson’s administration • Cumberland Turnpike (1815) – Maryland to WV • Erie Canal construction 1. Purpose of it? 2. Proponents of it? 3. How did it work? • The Clermont 1. Purpose of it? • Locomotives – Tom Thumb lost 1. Early trains plagued by engine problems 2. By 1840, over 9000 tracks in US

11. The Industrial Revolution • Originated in Great Britain in 18th century • Industrial Espionage brought it to America • Samuel Slater – textile mills • Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin, Interchangeable Part in manufacture of firearms • John Deere – Plow • Elias Howe – Sewing Machine • Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical reaper • Francis Cabot Lowell – Factory System

12. Uh-oh – trouble for the “good feeling” • 1818 – economic prosperity in all areas of country • manufacturers borrowed money from state banks to finance new companies • Western settlers borrowed money to purchase land to build a home • Banks loan money freely, not checking borrower’s credit history • Does this sound familiar???

13. The Panic of 1819 • 2nd Bank of US ordered state banks to demand repayment of all loans they had given out • Also required State banks to exchange their notes for gold/silver • Chain reaction of bank failures, foreclosures, depression • How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the Panic of 1819?

14. The Compromise of 1820 • Why the need for it? • After failed attempt at Tallmadge Amendment and the gradual elimination of slavery • Henry Clay, The Great Compromiser

16. The Election of 1824 “The Corrupt Bargain” • Election made up of a crowded field of regional favorites – 5 Republicans • No candidate won majority of electoral votes

18. 1 hugely unpopular term More Famous before term Tqriff of 1828 a.k.a. Tariff of Abominations Goal to protect industry in N&S from British S harmed- had to pay higher prices on goods they did not produce V.P. Calhoun proposed theory of nullification John Quincy Adams Term

19. The Election of 1828 – Birth of “Jacksonian Democracy” A BRUTAL CAMPAIGN – 1st to resemble Modern day election process

20. Jacksonian Democracy • Old Hickory • The Democratic Party – Party of the People • Let’s Read and discuss Jackson’s “troubled” past? • Early year life • Hatred of British • The scandal involving Rachel • A dueler • Lover of the Indians? – adopted Indian boy

21. The People’s President

22. Jackson’s Policy on Native Americans • “barrier to the waves of population and civilization rolling westward” • “for their own protection,…so their white brothers will not trouble them” • Indian Removal Act (1830) • Removal of indians to Indian territory in OK • Supposed to be voluntary, but pressure put on leaders to sign treaties • 2nd Seminole War (1835-1842) – • forced removal of seminole indians from Florida

24. The Indian Removal Act • In your small groups, read the Act and discuss and each you write up 5 main points that Congress is making in this document. • http://www.civics-online.org/library/formatted/texts/indian_act.html • Locate a map of the Trail of Tears to look at together, and • Discuss and list the ramifications of these policies for: • Native Americans • Legacy of Andrew Jackson • U.S. History broadly

25. Native American Policy Cont. • USSC case, Worcester v. Georgia • Disobeyed order of Georgia militia to leave land – argued GA had no power over Indian lands • The Supreme Court found in favor of Worcester and thereby the Cherokee Native Americans (read opinion of case) • “Chief Justice Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it,” Andrew Jackson • The Trail of Tears – Read article, answer questions

26. The Trail of Tears

27. Jacksonian Democracy • The Spoils System & his “Kitchen Cabinet” • The Nullification Process - Tariff of 1832 further outraged Southerners - As creators of federal gov’t, states had right to nullify any acts they found unconstiutional - Compromise of 1833: lowered rates of tariffs over 10 year period • Jackson’s War with the Bank • Saw it as a monopoly, feared paper money • Henry Clay --- attempts to recharter the bank in 1832 • Pet Banks – removal of federal funds from 2nd bank and put in privately owned banks

28. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle

29. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! * 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. * 1836  the charter expired. * 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

30. Specie Circular 1836 • No more 2nd bank, but now state banks print own notes, farmore than they have gold to back it up • Also state banks loan very freely – land speculation increased. • To curb inflation, Jackson makes an executive order that to buy future federal land only with gold or silver. • businesses begin to fail, unemployment rises AND, results in….. The Panic of 1837

31. DEM – Martin Van Buren o

32. DEMS  Richard Mentor Johnson, VP

33. Van Buren taking Blame

34. The Rise of the Whigs and Election of 1840 • Disliked Jackson’s use of Federal power • English party that had worked to limit the power of the king • Used much of the same anti-elitist rhetoric the Democrats had used to gain support (anti-masonry movement) • 1830’s Whig party had trouble unifying behind one particular candidate – regional division • Great Triumvirate: Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster • Philosophy • Expansion of federal gov’t power • Encouragement of industrial/commercial development • Cautious over westward expansion, supported federal control over it • Constituents • NE manufacturers and merchants • Southern wealthy planters • Ambitious farmers and rising commercial class of west

35. WHIGS OPPOSED JACKSON’S USE OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER!!!

36. WHIGS William Henry Harrison

37. “Tippecanoe, and Tyler,Too!”

38. “Log Cabin” Campaign Pin, 1840

39. Election Results

40. WHIGS John Tyler, VPBecomes President after 1 monthInherits Ongoing Economic Crisis