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??????: ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? - ????? ????? ????? ?????? 1421 ?? (??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ) . ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????:????? ?????: ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????????

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: 211 : 3 :9610 9612 : . : : 2109 : 4678431 malsalehyahoo : 8- 10 - : 15 1

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    1. ??? ??????: ??????????????? ???????? (211 ???) ??? ???????: 3 ????? ??? ??????:(??????9610 ?9612) ???? ??????: ?. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????: ???????? ????? ?????? ? ? ????? ??? ??????: 2?109 ??????: 4678431 (????) malsaleh@yahoo.com ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????: 8- 10 ????? - ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???????: ???????? ?????? ????? 15 ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? 15 ???? ???????? ?????? 30 ???? ???????? ??????? 40 ???? ??????: ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????!!.

    2. ??????: ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? - ????? ????? ????? ?????? 1421 ?? (??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ) ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????: ????? ?????: ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????????- ????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????????

    3. ???? :??????? ?????? ????? ??????: ???? ??????? ??????? ????????: ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? (??????????) ??????- ???????- ??????? ???????? - ????????- ????????- ?????????? ???????: ?????- ??????? - ??????? ?????????: ???????- ???????- ??????? - ??????? ???????? - ??? ????????- ???????????? ????????: ??????? - ???????- ??????? (???) ...............................??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????: ????? - ??????? - ????? ? ??????? - ??????? ....) ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ? ????????

    4. ?: ??????? ?????? ????? ??????: ??????????????? ?????????: ????????????? ??????: ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? - ????? ?????????? - ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????: ??? ??????? - ?????? ??????? - ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????: ????? ?????? - ??????? - ??????? ????????????? ???? ???????: ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????

    5. ???????? ??????:????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????????? Microbiology Bio. Logy. (.(Micro. vs Macro ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? (??????????????). ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ?????? ???????? Antony van Leevwenhoek - ?????? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????? 200- 300 ???). ??? ????? ????????? (???????-???????- ?????????) ???? ????????.

    6. ????? ??????? ??????: Spontenious Generation Theory ???? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1749? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? Lazaro ??? 1750 ? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ( ??? /????) ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????..... ??? 1864? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? (????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????......???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????.

    7. ??????? ????????? ?????: Germ Theory of Disease ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????: ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????.

    8. ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????: 1- ?????? ????? ??? 1836? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? Protoza ?? ???????? ??? 1843? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ......???????? ?? ???? ??? nursing. ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??? 1877? ??? ??? ????????? (??? ???? ??????? ????????) ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??? Robert Koch ??? 1876? ???? ?? ??? ????????? (?????? ???????) ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????.

    9. ????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???????: - ??? ?????.........??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????. - ??? ????? ??????? ???????......?? ?????? ???????. - ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????: ?????? Prevost ??? 1807? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????...??? ????. ?????? De Barry ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? Erwin & Burill ????? ?????? ????????? (??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????). - ????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????.....?????? (?? ?????? ????????)

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