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HALOGENI ELEMENTI

V I Ia GRUPA P.S.E. HALOGENI ELEMENTI. ns 2 n p 5. od -1 do +7. -1 0 +1 +3 +5 +7. oksidaciono stanje. u elementarnom stanju u obliku dvoatomnih molekula tipa X 2.

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HALOGENI ELEMENTI

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  1. VIIa GRUPA P.S.E. HALOGENI ELEMENTI • ns2 np5 od -1 do +7 -1 0 +1 +3 +5 +7 oksidaciono stanje • u elementarnom stanju u obliku dvoatomnih molekula tipa X2 • F2i Cl2 – gasovi Br2 – tečnost I2 - čvrst • sa porastom atomskog broja boja sve tamnija • oštrog mirisa, otrovnog dejstva • slabo rastvorni u vodi, a bolje u org.rastvaračima (CCl4, CS2, etanol) • najizrazitiji nemetali • izuzetno reaktivni, u prirodi u obliku jedinjenja • stupaju u reakciju sa skoro svim elementima • sa metalima grade jonska jedinjenja (soli)

  2. FORMULA NAZIV KISELINE OKSIDAC. STANJE SOLI DATE KISELINE KISELINE FLUORA HF Fluorovodonična -1 Fluoridi KISELINE HLORA HCl Hlorovodonična -1 Hloridi HClO Hipohlorasta +1 Hipohloriti HClO2 Hlorasta +3 Hloriti HClO3 Hlorna +5 Hlorati HClO4 Perhlorna +7 Perhlorati KISELINE BROMA HBr Bromovodonična -1 Bromidi HBrO Hipobromasta +1 Hipobromiti HBrO3 Bromna +5 Bromati HBrO4 Perbromna +7 Perbromati KISELINE JODA HI Jodovodonična -1 Jodidi HIO Hipojodasta +1 Hipojoditi HIO3 Jodna +5 Jodati VIIa GRUPA P.S.E. Važnija jedinjenja elemenata VIIa grupe P.S.E.:

  3. VIIa GRUPA P.S.E. • organska jedinjenja fluora • freoni (fluorovi derivati ugljovodonika) • teflon (politetrafluoreten) • HF (fluorovodonik, fluorovodonična kiselina) jačina kiselina raste • HCl (hlorovodonik, hlorovodonična kiselina) • HBr (bromovodonik, bromovodonična kiselina) • HI (jodovodonik, jodovodonična kiselina) • NaOCl – Natrijum hipohlorit • CaCl(OCl) – so HCl i HClO (“hlorni kreč”) • HClO4 – Perhlorna kiselina • najjača neorganska kiselina • vrlo jako oksidaciono sredstvo

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