Ancient Chinese History Review

1. Agenda • Language • Verb Review • Kanji Review • New Kanji – 京 銀 曜 • History • Three Kingdoms, Chin Dynasty, Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty • Culture • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8492608.stm

2. Review • On the next two slides you will use your notes to review five kanji and five verb conjugations. • You will have fifteen minutes. • Please complete both on the same sheet of paper and turn in to the basket when you are finished.

3. Using your notes; write the Kanji and pronunciation(中国語/日本語) for the following: 1. Person – 人 ジン ひと 2. Left – 左　サ　ひだり 3. Thousand – 千　セン　ち　 4. Mouth – 口　　コウ　くち 5. Word/Language – 語　ゴ　かたる

4. Write the past negative tense for the following verbs: う- verbs: 1. To Listen – きく　ききませんでした 2. To Read – よむ　よみませんでした る- verbs: 3. To Sleep – ねる　ねませんでした 4. To See/Look/Watch – みる　みませんでした Irregular verbs: 5. To Do – する　しませんでした

5. To Listen – きく　 • ききませんでした　Ｒｉｇｈｔ • ききました　　Ｗｒｏｎｇ

6. Reading QuestionsThree Kingdoms, Chin, and the North and South Dynasties • In what “areas” did the Three Kingdoms grow out of? • What began to spread after the collapse of the Han Dynasty? • Name two cultural innovations for discoveries during the Three Kingdoms. • The strongest of the Three Kingdoms was ruled by who? • His defeat created what division? • What occurred during his rule that had not occurred in the past? • What type of empire was the Chin? • The Emperor declared that armies should be ______ and the _______ returned. • What did discharged soldiers do with there weapons after fighting had ended? • The combination of the above two questions did what to the Chin government? • What did the common people do as a result of later fighting? • Who eventually defeated the Chin? • Read the first paragraph and describe the North and South Dynasties. • What flourished in the north? • Who did this appeal to and for what reason? • What was another factor in the spread of this religion?

7. Answers • In what regions did the Three Kingdoms grow out of? Main economic areas of the Han Dynasty • What began to spread after the collapse of the Han Dynasty? Buddhism • Name to cultural innovations for discoveries during the Three Kingdoms. Tea and Porcelain • The strongest of the Three Kingdoms was ruled by who? Ts’ao Ts’ao • His defeat created what division? Three Kingdoms • What occurred during his rule that had not occurred in the past? Assimilation of peoples • What type of empire was the Chin? unstable • The Emperor declared that armies should be disbanded and the arms returned. • What did discharged soldiers do with there weapons after fighting had ended? Sold them • The combination of the above two questions did what to the Chin government? Made them powerless • What did the common people do as a result of later fighting? Migrated to peaceful regions • Who eventually defeated the Chin? Huns • Read the first paragraph and describe the North and South Dynasties. • Disunity/internal strife, two separate dynasties, overlapped each other • What flourished in the north? Buddhism • Who did this appeal to and for what reason? Country people, promise of an afterlife • What was another factor in the spread of this religion? • China ruled by non-Chinese uncommitted to ideas of Confucianism

8. Early and Classical Imperial China 220-618 C.E. Three Kingdoms Chin Northern and Southern Dynasties Sui Dynasty

9. Early Imperial China • Three Kingdoms • Chin • Northern and Southern Dynasties

10. Three Kingdoms220-265 C.E. • End of Han followed by disunity/civil war • Leaders sought to reunite empire = constant warfare • Wei - North – ruled by Ts’ao Ts’ao – strongest of the three • Shu - West • Wu - East • Culture • Buddhism spread in in the first century-expanded greatly after Han collapse • Innovations: • Tea in the south • Porcelain developed • Government • Wei and Shu kingdoms – centralized/legalist • Wu - ruled powerful families • Wei Shu in 263 C.E.

11. Ts'ao Ts'ao of the Wei Impact of Military Changes: • Mixed Army of Chinese and barbarians • Best troops - skilled mounted bowmen • large scale assimilation – how does this create the idea of “Han” Chinese? • formed independent kingdoms in the north • Ssu-ma • militant family • rose quickly to power • Founded Chin Dynasty in 265 C.E.

12. Chin Dynasty265 – 420 C.E. • Began by Ssu-ma Yen - as emperor - Wu Ti • 265-289C.E. • reunified China in 280 C.E. by conquering the Wu • Not a stable empire • People surrounding the capital suffered due to fighting • migration from center of the empire to peaceful frontier regions

13. Northern and Southern Dynasties420 – 588 C.E. • period of disunity • two separate dynasties formed • Different groups of rulers in the north and south • Dynasties overlapped each other (look at your timeline)

14. Agenda • Language • Kanji Review • New Verbs • New Kanji – 月火水木金土 • History • Sui Reading and Lecture • Culture • Minorities of China

15. ①meet あう　　あいます　　あいました ②there is ある　　あります　　ありました ③buy かう　　かいます　　かいました ④write かく　　かきます　　かきました ⑤ take とる　　とります　　とりました ⑥wait まつ　　まちます　　まちました ⑦understand わかる　　わかります　　 わかりました ⑧there is (ppl.) いる　　います　　いました

16. Classical Imperial China • Sui Dynasty • T’ang Dynasty • Song Dynasty

17. Sui Dynasty580-618 CE • Only two emperors – father and son • Emperor Wen Ti (Yang Chien) and Emperor Yang • Both criticized for the amount of money spent and his cruelty to the people. • Established power using legalistic means of Qin • Strong central government, harsh rules, forced labor. • Improved transportation/communication/trade networks • Grand Canal: to facilitate trade between regions • Government posts based on merit

18. Accomplishments: Grand Canal Expansion • longest canal /artificial river in the world • Extends from Beijing to Hangzhou • oldest parts date to 400 BCE • Various sections combined by the Sui Internal Administration Improved – sort of… • building of granaries • Northern fortification of Great Wall • Reconstruction capitals • Confucianism regains popularity • expanded borders with military • Successful in south failed in the north and Korea (four times!) • Korea defeats weakened Sui to attacks by eastern Turks • China again split into smaller states

20. Sui Reading Various Groups of China.

21. Manchu

22. Miao

23. Sani

24. Uighurs • Adil Hakimjan belongs to a minority group of Turkic-speaking Chinese Muslims called Uighurs. He was released from Guantanamo Bay after the U.S. acknowledged he was not a terrorist.