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Exploring the CERN LHC Project: Innovation, Progress, and Performance

Delve into the world's largest Hadron Collider project by CERN, founded in 1954, its significant impact on various technologies, architectural and engineering marvels, cost implications, and successful project management strategies employed. Discover insights into the operational success of the Large Hadron Collider, the complexities of construction projects, and the importance of collaboration and innovation in modern engineering ventures. Reflect on the project's outcomes, challenges faced, and valuable lessons learned for future endeavors in high-energy physics research.

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Exploring the CERN LHC Project: Innovation, Progress, and Performance

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  1. Agenda • Welcome • Safety Moment • KBR • Speechly Bircham • CERN LHC – Keith Jones • Drinks & Nibbles – Hogshead, Leatherhead

  2. CERN - LHC Project Large Hadron Collider The world’s biggest ... fastest ... coldest ... most expensive

  3. CERN European Organisation for Nuclear Research • Founded 1953 • 20 member states • High Energy Physics Research • 3000 permanent staff • 6500 users

  4. LEP/LHC SPS PS The Ever-Increasing Circles

  5. What’s CERN ever done for us? Customs scanning of vehicles X-ray etching computer chips Laser scalpels Radiotherapy World Wide Web Electron beam sterilisation Carbon dating Hardening of metals Positron-electrontomography X-ray lithography Destruction of nuclear waste X-ray imaging Astronomical analysis Mass Spectroscopy Spinoffs from Accelerator Technologies

  6. LHC - the Large Hadron Collider • Reuses existing tunnels • Major new infrastructure • Helium cooled - 1.9K • Absolute vacuum • Proton collision 14TeV • Pb nucleus 1150TeV • 12500t detectors

  7. LHC figures • LHC Project • 7000 man-years • 7 ½ calendar years • LHC Capital value £ 1100M • Civil Works • 6+ calendar years • Capital Value £ 146M (€238M - 1998) • 4 Packages • Package 1 - Meyrin • Package 2 - Cessy • Package 3a - Dispersed • Package 3b - Prevessin

  8. LHC Civil Engineering • International Joint Ventures • >6kmtunnels • 14 caverns • 7shafts • 25000m3 buildings • >6 calendar years

  9. LHC Underground Works

  10. Package 3a / 3b Package 3a • 3.2km tunnel, 3mØ • 11 chambers • 11 buildings • Spoil disposal • Contract Value €55M • TW-A-SB • BRI Package 3b • 2.5km tunnel, 3mØ • 4 chambers • Contract Value €14M • ATIC • BRI

  11. Package 3a • Dispersed • 8 locations • Interfaces • Experiments, dismantling, installation • >50 contract dates • Change • Scope • Design • Programme

  12. Construction “Tunnelling for dummies”

  13. Shaft Construction

  14. Tunnel Eye

  15. Primary Lining

  16. Secondary Lining

  17. Environment

  18. Contract …making it happen without ending up in court…

  19. Factors in Success or Failure • Scope & Programme • People • Contract • Form • Valuation • Target Cost • Change

  20. Scope 50m

  21. People national pride personal ego language corporate culture past practice trust/ mistrust blame prejudice - stereotypes **new ideas**

  22. The Contract • Modified FIDIC “Red Book” • Employer control reinforced • Variations agreed before work • Rigid • Adversarial • No incentives to perform • Heading for trouble

  23. Supplemental Agreement • Side-agreement • Project focus • Collaboration • Seek function, not form • Target Cost - Incentive • Tendered Rates retained - transparent

  24. Cost/ Value + + + % = Cost • Actual cost of resources Value • Payment on resources expended • Tendered BoQ re-expressed - P/ L/ M/ OSOHP

  25. Safeguards • Employer • Open-book - audit • Contractor • Tendered Overhead/ Profit preserved • Financial Incentive • Gainshare - 70:30

  26. 70:30 - Pain/ Gain Additional Income +ve = Gain 0 Contractor’s contribution capped Target + buffer Target -ve = Pain Outcome Cost

  27. Target Cost - Illustration Tenders 100 manhours Expends 110 m/h Expends 90 m/h (Underspend) (Overspend) Expends 100m/h (On-Target) • Paid 90 m/h +O/H = 99 • Reward 30% of 10 = 3 • Recovers 102, spends 90 • Outcome +12 • RoCE +13.3% • Paid 110 m/h +O/H = 121 • Fine 30% of 10 = 3 • Recovers 118, spends 110 • Outcome +8 • RoCE 7.3% • Paid 100 m/h +O/H = 110 • No fine, no bonus • Recovers 110, spends 100 • Outcome +10 • RoCE +10% Assumes O/H 10%

  28. Target Cost Operation - Changes • Baseline (June 1999) • Cost + % = Value • Variation - external • Modifies Target Value and Costs • Employer bears impact • Value Engineering/ Economy - internal • Target Value unchanged • Savings shared

  29. Variation • Prior to Supplemental Agreement - VO • Delete secondary lining .

  30. Value Engineering • Relocate radiation shielding • Savings €0.75M

  31. Costs/ Savings Target Works • Base Costs • Original Value 79.1 MCHF €54M • Final Estimated Value 87.9 MCHF €60M • Escalation 11.1% • Current underspend 10.4MCHF €7M • Current underspend 11.8% • Including fluctuations • Final Estimated Value 97.1MCHF €66M • Current underspend 10.7%

  32. Has it worked? • Project focus • Debate, less disputes • Behaviour changes • Financial incentive to behave • Performance • Structures delivered on time • 34% escalation within first year • 11% escalation since 1999 • 12% underspend available for gainshare

  33. The end... … or is it?

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