The Human Body: Organ Systems and Homeostasis

1. The Human Body: Organ Systems and Homeostasis Lesson 1: Standard 9c. Students know how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body

2. Vocabulary __________: to hold back, suppress, or restrain __________: something that causes or accelerates a physiological activity or response __________: a reaction to a stimulus __________: the control of something

3. Vocabulary Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain __________: something that causes or accelerates a physiological activity or response __________: a reaction to a stimulus __________: the control of something

4. Vocabulary Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain Stimulus: something that causes or accelerates a physiological activity or response __________: a reaction to a stimulus __________: the control of something

5. Vocabulary Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain Stimulus: something that causes or accelerates a physiological activity or response Response: a reaction to a stimulus __________: the control of something

6. Vocabulary Inhibit: to hold back, suppress, or restrain Stimulus: something that causes or accelerates a physiological activity or response Response: a reaction to a stimulus Regulation: the control of something

7. Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. ___________ _____ perform a specific function. __________ are groups of similar cells that perform a single function, such as connecting muscle to bone. An _______ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function, such as sight. An _______ ________ is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

8. Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Specialized cells perform a specific function. __________ are groups of similar cells that perform a single function, such as connecting muscle to bone. An _______ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function, such as sight. An _______ ________ is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

9. Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Specialized cells perform a specific function. Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a single function, such as connecting muscle to bone. An _______ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function, such as sight. An _______ ________ is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

10. Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Specialized cells perform a specific function. Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a single function, such as connecting muscle to bone. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function, such as sight. An _______ ________ is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

11. Levels of Organization The levels of organization in a multicellular organism include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Specialized cells perform a specific function. Tissues are groups of similar cells that perform a single function, such as connecting muscle to bone. An organ is a group of tissues that work together to perform a complex function, such as sight. An organ system is a group of organs that perform closely related functions.

12. Homeostasis Homeostasis means “keeping things in balance.” Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep _______ _________ relatively ___________ despite ________ in __________ _________. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by ___________ __________. Blood sugar levels and body temperature are kept in homeostasis through feedback inhibition.

13. Homeostasis Homeostasis means “keeping things in balance.” Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively ___________ despite ________ in __________ _________. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by ___________ __________. Blood sugar levels and body temperature are kept in homeostasis through feedback inhibition.

14. Homeostasis Homeostasis means “keeping things in balance.” Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite ________ in __________ _________. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by ___________ __________. Blood sugar levels and body temperature are kept in homeostasis through feedback inhibition.

15. Homeostasis Homeostasis means “keeping things in balance.” Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in __________ _________. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by ___________ __________. Blood sugar levels and body temperature are kept in homeostasis through feedback inhibition.

16. Homeostasis Homeostasis means “keeping things in balance.” Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by ___________ __________. Blood sugar levels and body temperature are kept in homeostasis through feedback inhibition.

17. Homeostasis Homeostasis means “keeping things in balance.” Homeostasis is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments. Homeostasis in the body is maintained by feedback loops. Blood sugar levels and body temperature are kept in homeostasis through feedback inhibition.

18. Feedback Inhibition Feedback inhibition, or negativefeedback, is the process in which a stimulus produces a response that ___________ the original stimulus.

19. Feedback Inhibition Feedback inhibition, or negativefeedback, is the process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus.

20. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the ______________ of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a _______ detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (_____) that changes the environment of the house (the ___________). This environment then “_______ _______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off.

21. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a _______ detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (_____) that changes the environment of the house (the ___________). This environment then “_______ _______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off

22. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (_____) that changes the environment of the house (the ___________). This environment then “_______ _______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off

23. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (heat) that changes the environment of the house (the ___________). This environment then “_______ _______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off

24. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (heat) that changes the environment of the house (the temperature). This environment then “_______ _______” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off

25. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (heat) that changes the environment of the house (the temperature). This environment then “feeds back” to “__________” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off

26. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (heat) that changes the environment of the house (the temperature). This environment then “feeds back” to “inhibit” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a ________ _____ to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off

27. Feedback Inhibition: Example 1 A heating system uses feedback inhibition to control the temperature of a room. When the temperature in the room gets too cold, a sensor detects the change in temperature and the heater turns on. When the heater is on, it produces a product (heat) that changes the environment of the house (the temperature). This environment then “feeds back” to “inhibit” the operation of the heater. In other words, heat from the heater eventually raises the temperature of the room enough to send a feedback signal to the sensor, telling it to turn the heater off.

28. Feedback Inhibition: Example 2 The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high (the _________), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas detects the sugar and release insulin (the __________). The insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and store it. As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in the blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar (the ____________________) causes the pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

29. Feedback Inhibition: Example 2 The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high (the stimulus), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas detects the sugar and release insulin (the __________). The insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and store it. As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in the blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar (the ____________________) causes the pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

30. Feedback Inhibition: Example 2 The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high (the stimulus), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas detects the sugar and release insulin (the response). The insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and store it. As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in the blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar (the ____________________) causes the pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

31. Feedback Inhibition: Example 2 The body’s regulation of blood sugar levels is an example of feedback inhibiton. When blood sugar levels are high (the stimulus), the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas detects the sugar and release insulin (the response). The insulin helps liver cells take in excess glucose and store it. As the body cells use up the glucose that is left in the blood, sugar levels drop. This drop in blood sugar (the negativefeedback) causes the pancreas to stop secreting insulin.

32. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the ____________ contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When ____ body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that ______ the body’s cells to speed up their ________, which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to _______, which also generates heat).

33. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When ____ body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that ______ the body’s cells to speed up their ________, which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to _______, which also generates heat).

34. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When core body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that ______ the body’s cells to speed up their ________, which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to _______, which also generates heat).

35. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When core body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that signal the body’s cells to speed up their ________, which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to _______, which also generates heat).

36. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When core body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that signal the body’s cells to speed up their activities, which generates _____ (these same chemicals cause you to _______, which also generates heat).

37. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When core body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that signal the body’s cells to speed up their activities, which generates heat (these same chemicals cause you to _______, which also generates heat).

38. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 Body temperature is also regulated by feedback inhibition. The process is very similar to the heater example we just looked at. A part of the brain called the hypothalamus contains nerve cells that monitor body temperature. When core body temperature drops too far below 37°C, the hypothalamus produces chemicals that signal the body’s cells to speed up their activities, which generates heat (these same chemicals cause you to shiver, which also generates heat).

39. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 This heat eventually causes body temperature to rise. The hypothalamus then detects the rise in temperature and ________ producing chemicals that speed up cell activities. This stops the heating process and prevents the body from getting _____ ____.

40. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 This heat eventually causes body temperature to rise. The hypothalamus then detects the rise in temperature and stops producing chemicals that speed up cell activities. This stops the heating process and prevents the body from getting _____ ____.

41. Feedback Inhibition: Example 3 This heat eventually causes body temperature to rise. The hypothalamus then detects the rise in temperature and stops producing chemicals that speed up cell activities. This stops the heating process and prevents the body from getting too hot.

42. Organ Systems in the Human Body There are eleven organ systems in the human body. Over the next several weeks, we will study many of them in detail. The systems are: Nervous system Integumentary system Respiratory system Digestive system Excretory system Skeletal system Muscular system Circulatory system Endocrine system Reproductive system Lymphatic/Immune system

43. How to make organ system paper dolls • Cut out the paper dolls (male or female) as shown • Tape together so you have a string of 12 • On first person, write your name, class period, and “Organ Systems of the Human Body” on one side. On the other side, write the word homeostasis and its definition. • Each of the remaining 11 people will represent one body system. On one side, draw the body system. Use the drawings in the book on page 892-893 to help you. On the other side, write the name, structures, and function of the system (also on page 892-893). Use your iPad to look up organs if you are having trouble. • These must be turned in by the end of the class period. Take your time and make them look good! • Read over the full instructions one more time before you start cutting