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Learning objectives

This comprehensive guide explores nitrogen compounds, focusing on their naming, properties, and types, including amines, amino acids, amides, and nitriles. Learn about the unique characteristics such as volatility, solubility, and intermolecular forces. We cover specific examples like methylamine, ethylamine, and propanamide, including their structures. The practical applications of ammonia and butylamine are discussed, along with a summary of physical properties and trends in molecular interactions that affect solubility and boiling points.

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Learning objectives

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Learning objectives • Introduction to nitrogen compounds • Naming • General properties • Volatility, solubility, intermolecular forces

  2. Types of nitrogen compounds • Amines (1, 2, 3, 4) • Amino acids • Amides • Nitriles

  3. Naming Primary Amines Methylamine aminomethane Ethylamine aminoethane Propylamine 1-aminopropane 2-aminopropane

  4. Secondary Amines dimethylamine dipropylamine

  5. Tertiary Amines trimethylamine

  6. Aromatic Amines phenylamine

  7. Amides • -CONH2 where the -OH of an acid is replaced by -NH2. • Draw the struture of propanamide.

  8. Nitriles • Nitriles contain a -CɼN group, and used to be called cyanides. • Draw the structure ofethanenitrile. (Don’t forget the carbon in the CɼN group is part of the chain) • (Used to be called methyl cyanide) • Draw the structure of 2-hydroxypropanenitrile.

  9. Amino Acids • Contains both an amino group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -COOH, in the same molecule. • The carbon chain is numbered so that the carbon in the -COOH group is counted as number 1. • Draw the structure of 2-aminopropanoic acid.

  10. Practical • Ammonia • Butylamine (aka 1-aminobutane) • Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (aka benzocaine)

  11. Displacement Reactions – results

  12. Questions • What is the trend in solubility for simple amines compared to more complex ones? • What type of molecular interaction helps them dissolve? • Small amines? • Large amines?

  13. Physical Properties - Summary Boiling point Boiling points increase with molecular mass Amines have higher boiling points than corresponding alkanes because of their intermolecular hydrogen bonding Quarternary ammonium salts are ionic and exist as salts Solubility Lower mass compounds are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding with the solvent. Solubility decreases as the molecules get heavier. Soluble in organic solvents.

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