REVIEW

1. REVIEW Pinckney’s Treaty  Hamilton’s Assassination

2. Pinckney’s Treaty • U.S. wanted to secure land claims west of the Appalachian Mtns. • Gain shipping rights on the Mississippi River • Needed to come to an agreement with Spain Treaty of Paris, 1783 – Spain owns this land. 

3. Pinckney’s Treaty • Pinckney meets with Spain and develops a treaty that was heavily in our favor: Pinckney’s Treaty, or the Treaty of San Lorenzo • Gave up all land claims east of the Mississippi (EXCEPT FLORIDA) • Recognized the 31st parallel as the southern boundary of the U.S. • Agreed to open the Mississippi River to traffic by U.S. citizens • Agreed to allow American traders to use the port of New Orleans.

4. Jay’s Treaty • British continued to maintain their forts west of the Appalachian Mountains, despite the fact that Britain had given up those land rights in the Treaty of Paris 1783  VIOLATION OF THE TREATY! • John Jay is selected to negotiate with Britain • Issues: • Who has control of the lands west of the Appalachians? • Trading Rights

5. Terms Jay’s Treaty – 1794 • EVACUATION OF NORTHWEST POSTS! - Allowed British settlers to become citizens should they choose to stay • Granted limited trading rights to British-owned West Indies (removed the restricted rights from prior) • Compensation for Britain limiting our trade and taking hold of our ships/cargo/naval men • Accepted British economic authority/British naval supremacy • However, did not secure compensation for slaves kidnapped from Revolution nor guarantee that the British navy would stop attacking our ships • British gave little and received much. Jay became the most hated man in America.

6. Effects • Treaty passed in the Senate, but many Americans were unhappy • Especially Western settlers…allowed Britain to continue their fur trade in their originally ceded territory! • Created large disagreements- further split the Democratic-Republican party (Jefferson) and the Federalist party (Hamilton) • France is angry! Why are we making a treaty/alliance with Britain when we are supposed to be French allies??

7. XYZ Affair FRANCE (OUR ALLY) IS MAD! • Why? 1. France launches a Reign of Terror during the French Revolution– against monarchical system of government, send people to the guillotine • Because of this, Britain is also on their radar to “destroy the King”; therefore, the French and British are head to head. • French expect American help because of our alliance with France (Treaty of 1778-bond between two nations) • Alexander Hamilton wanted to support the British • Jefferson and Madison wanted to support France • Washington issued a declaration of NEUTRALITY- we will do neither. 2. France sees Jay’s treaty as a violation of the French-American alliance

8. Reactions • French reactions: • Send home American ambassador • Seize and attack American ships • American reactions: • President Adams sends three delegates to negotiate with France to stop attacking our ships. • While there, instead of getting to meet with the French foreign minister Talleyrand, they were forced to meet with three low-level officials who Adams titles “X, Y, and Z” • X, Y, and Z demand that we pay $250,000 just to see Talleyrand, and let France borrow $10 million.

9. Effects • We say, “NO!” “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute” • Effects: • Causes a Quasi-War- naval battle between France and the U.S. • U.S. is treated with respect and taken seriously…we didn’t bow down.

10. Alien and Sedition Acts • Why were they created? • Anti-French feeling continued to flourish • Many Federalists believed French agents were everywhere, trying to overthrow our government. • Immigrants were active in the Democratic-Republican party and were speaking out against John Adams.

11. Four Acts • Four Acts passed: • Naturalization Act- Changed the requirement for the length of time you must live in the U.S. in order to APPLY for citizenship from 5 to 14 years. • Alien Act- authorized president to deport any resident immigrant considered “dangerous to the peace and safety of the U.S.” • Alien-Enemies Act- authorized president to arrest/deport any resident immigrants if their home country was at war with the U.S. • Sedition Act- made it a CRIME to publish “false, scandalous and malicious writing” against the government. (Published 7/14/1798 with an expiration date of one day before Adams’ presidential term expired)

12. Effects • Effects: • AGAINST THE CONSTITUTION! • Jailed many Democratic-Republicans who were publishing about Adams and his presidency • Immigrants and anyone who was faintly pro-British was “removed.” • Failure! • Shows American govt. can not and should not be all-powerful • Shows the importance of opposing political parties- those who speak out for what is right/wrong. • Shows success of our system of checks and balances (supreme Court deemed laws unconstitutional)  Poor, poor American choice.

13. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • The two main Democratic-Republican leaders (Jefferson and Madison) saw the Alien and Sedition Acts as a serious abuse of power by the federal government. • Decided to organize opposition to the acts by appealing to states’ rights. • Madison- VA Resolutions • Jefferson- KY Resolutions

14. VA and KY Resolutions • Kentucky resolutions particularly asserted the principle of NULLIFICATION: • The states have the right to nullify (or void) any act of Congress that they deem unconstitutional. • Claimed the right to void federal laws going beyond the powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution. • Effects: • The importance of the SUPREMACY CLAUSE!!! • Assures that the Constitution and federal laws and treaties take precedence over state law. • Failed, because other states refused to adopt own declarations • Showed the continuing issue between the federal and state governments • Election of 1800 would be centered around this very issue

15. Hamilton’s Assassination • Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr are running against one another in the election for President—both are from the Democratic-Republican Party. • Aaron Burr loses the vote to Thomas Jefferson for candidacy and Jefferson takes him on as Vice-President • After losing to Jefferson in the election, Burr felt that he needed to revive his failing political career.

16. The Duel • Alexander Hamilton makes slanderous remarks about Burr, ruining his reputation and affecting his political career. • Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel- the fight of gentlemen • Burr met Hamilton on 7/11/1804. • Hamilton shot into the air, Burr shot directly at Hamilton

17. Effects • Hamilton dies the next day. He had been shot in the liver. • Burr was charged with murder, but fled before he was brought to trial. • Burr is eventually charged with treason for a separate issue in 1806, but is found not guilty. Burr flees to Europe before eventually returning back to NY. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE ASSASSINATION?