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Economic Revolutions and Nationalism

Explore the impact of inventions and innovations on the economic revolutions in the North, West, and South. Discover how these advancements transformed the national economy and shaped the Industrial and Transportation Revolutions.

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Economic Revolutions and Nationalism

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  1. Economic Revolutions and Nationalism Unit 4, Lesson 2

  2. Essential Idea • New inventions and three economic revolutions created a new and NATIONAL economy.

  3. Inventions and Innovations • Many inventions impacted each area of the country • Area Impacted: • North • Invention/Innovation: • Textile mills • Inventor: • Samuel Slater • Significance: • Slater was called the “Father of the Factory System” • Textile mills (factories) turned cotton from the South into manufactured cloth

  4. Inventions and Innovations: North • Invention/Innovation: • Sewing machine • Inventor: • Elias Howe • Significance: • Helped turn manufactured cloth into clothing

  5. Inventions and Innovations: North • Invention/Innovation: • Interchangeable parts • Inventor: • Eli Whitney • Significance: • Parts to manufactured products were made to be identical • PARTS of products could be replaced instead of the WHOLE product • FACTORIES were needed to mass produce interchangeable parts

  6. Inventions and Innovations: North • Overall Impact on the North: • The North became industrialized, meaning their economy was based on the factory system

  7. Inventions and Innovations: West • Area Impacted: • West • Invention/Innovation: • Steel plow • Inventor: • John Deere • Significance: • Farmers could plow larger pieces of land

  8. Inventions and Innovations: West • Invention/Innovation: • Mechanical reaper • Significance: • Inventor: • Cyrus McCormick • Farmers could harvest larger pieces of land

  9. Inventions and Innovations: West • Overall Impact on the West: • Many small farmers moved to the West to start larger farms • McCormick and Farming

  10. Inventions and Innovations: South • Area Impacted: • South • Invention/Innovation: • Cotton Gin • Inventor: • Eli Whitney • Significance: • Cotton could be processed 50 times faster • Whitney THOUGHT the cotton gin would reduce the need for slaves

  11. Inventions and Innovations: South • Overall Impact on the South: • Instead of dying out, slavery expanded drastically in the South • Southern economy was dependent on COTTON and SLAVERY • The South became known as the “Cotton Kingdom” • Impact of the Cotton Gin

  12. Industrial Revolution: Causes • Cause 1: • Inventions and Innovations • Details: • Factories in the NORTH were needed to make cloth, clothing, interchangeable parts, steel plows, mechanical reapers, and cotton gins

  13. Industrial Revolution: Causes • Cause 2: • Government policies • Details: • New laws made it easier to start corporations • Protective tariffs helped support growth of new businesses

  14. Industrial Revolution: Causes • Cause 3: • Increased workforce • Details: • Immigrants, especially Irish, provided labor for factories • Many Americans in the rural North migrated to cities to work in factories

  15. Industrial Revolution: Effects • Effects of the Industrial Revolution: • Effect 1: • North Industrializes • Detail: • Factories boomed in the North, not the South or West • Effect 2: • New Production Methods • Details: • Products were made by machines instead of by hand • Big factories replaced small home-based workshops

  16. Industrial Revolution: Effects • Effect 3: • Urbanization • Detail: • Cities grew as people moved to go work in factories • Effect 4: • Creation of Unions • Detail: • Eventually, factory workers formed unions to demand better working conditions

  17. Transportation Revolution: Telegraph • 1. Telegraph • Samuel Morse- developed the telegraph for sending messages over long distances • Information could be transported INSTANTLY, improving communication

  18. Transportation Revolution: Roads • 2. Roads • National Road- first major interstate highway, over 600 miles long • Expanding roads connected western farms to cities

  19. Transportation Revolution: Water Travel • 3. Steamboats and Canals • More products could be shipped faster on water • Steamboats: • Robert Fulton invented the steamboat, which could travel faster and go upstream • Robert Fulton’s Steamboat • Canals: • Canals were artificial rivers built to increase water transportation • Erie Canal- built in New York, connecting western farmers to cities • Canals

  20. Transportation Revolution: Railroads • 4. Railroads • Railroads could transport faster, carry more, and go farther than either roads or canals • Railroads did the most to encourage westward expansion and settlement • The North and South would fight over where to build transcontinental railroad to the Pacific Ocean

  21. Impact of Transportation Revolution • Impact of Transportation Revolution: • Increased trade between the North, West, and South • The strongest connection was between farms in the West and cities in the North • This also encouraged more settlement in the West

  22. Economic Revolution: Market Revolution • The Market Revolution: • The North, West, and South specialized in products • Market Revolution- development of a NATIONAL economy based on trade between the North, West, and South • People were less self-sufficient, buying products from other areas

  23. The Market Revolution • Area: • North • Products sent to West: • Steel plows, mechanical reapers, clothing • Products sent to South: • Cotton gins, clothing

  24. The Market Revolution • Area: • West • Products sent to North: • Food- Corn, wheat, livestock • Products sent to South: • Food- Corn, wheat, livestock

  25. The Market Revolution • Area: • South • Product sent to North: • Cotton for textile mills • Product sent to BRITAIN: • Cotton for textile mills • Why significant? • During the Civil War, Britain almost helped the South because they wanted southern cotton

  26. Market Revolution • Inventions and Innovations: • Changed how North, West, and South produced • Industrial Revolution: • Factories in the North built new products • Transportation Revolution: • Helped North, West, and South trade • American System: • Government supported the new economy • Market Revolution: • A new and NATIONAL economy formed

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