Chapter 7: Nationalism & Economic Growth

1. Chapter 7: Nationalism & Economic Growth Section 3: The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy Pages: 238-242

2. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE: (238) • After the War of 1812. migration west of the Mississippi River increased tremendously • The Missouri Territory experienced some of the nation’s fastest population growth between 1815 and 1819. • Some of the settlers brought slaves with them, leading to a debate over whether slavery should be allowed in Missouri

4. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE: (238) • The debate over both slavery and Missouri’s economy increased in 1819, when the territory applied for statehood. • At that time the Missouri Territory counted some 10,000 African-American slaves among it’s population • At this time the nation was equally divided between slave states and free states (11 to 11) • Missouri’s admission as a slave state would tip the balance in the Senate in favor of the South and give the South more power

5. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE: (238) • Congressmember James Tallmadge of New York tired to amend the Missouri statehood bill to require the gradual elimination of slavery in the state • Slaveholders saw this new proposal as a part of a larger attempt to end slavery everywhere • A Georgia representative pointed a shaking finger at Tallmadge and cried, “You have kindled a fire which all the waters of the ocean cannot put out, which seas of blood can only distinguish.”

6. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE: (238) • To end the bitter debate, Henry Clay led Congress in working out the Missouri Compromise of 1820: this agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, thus keeping the balance in the Senate. • The agreement also banned slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of latitude 36*30’ – Missouri’s southern boundary

8. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE: (238) • The Missouri Compromise eased sectional crisis. • WOULD THE SLAVERY ISSUE EVER RETURN?????

9. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1824: (239-240) • There was a 3 way tie for president in the election of 1824 – The House of Representatives now DECIDE: • John C. Calhoun – dropped out • John Quincy Adams – an economic nationalist with antislavery views, appealed to most northeastern voters • Andrew Jackson – famous military hero – represented the South • Having finished Fourth, Henry Clay, who considered Andrew Jackson unqualified, threw his support behind John Quincy Adams • SO…John Quincy Adams wins the Presidential Election of 1824 because Henry Clay helps get him votes – Jackson and his followers angrily accused the two men of a “corrupt bargain” since President John Quincy Adams named Henry Clay as his Secretary of State

10. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1824: (239-240) • President John Quincy Adams • John Quincy Adams had a stern and reserved personality. One observer complained that Adams seemed “hard as a piece of granite and cold as a lump of ice.” • Adams had been successful as secretary of state, but his personality contributed to a frustrating and largely UNSUCCESSFUL presidency • Adams was able to support a wide variety of federal government projects, from canals and roads to a national university and a standardized system of weights and measures. • Adams was unwilling to “play politics” and to compromise with Congress, and thus failed to achieve most of his goals

11. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • Andrew Jackson, a sharp critic throughout John Quincy Adams’s presidency, resigned from the Senate in 1825 to campaign for president in the 1828 election • Andrew Jackson’s nickname given by his soldiers was, “Old Hickory” because he seemed as tough as the strong hardwood. • Although he was a rich lawyer and planter, Jackson stressed his military skills and frontier roots to portray himself as a “man of the people.” • Jackson’s image as a “common man” won support of farmers, workers, and frontier settlers. • His supporters had no official name at first, later became known as the Democratic Party

12. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY (240) • Despite the nasty rumors about Jackson’s personal life, Jackson swept the popular vote and electoral votes • Andrew Jackson wins presidency of 1828 • Jackson’s political success reflected changes in American society caused in part by the Market Revolution. • The old social structure led by well-born individuals gradually gave way to a society based more on economic success than one’s social class at birth

13. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY (240) • Voting rolls swelled as states dropped property requirements for voting and holding political office • By 1828, voters rather than state legislatures, chose presidential electors and most public officials in almost every state • The expansion of voting rights paved the way for Andrew Jackson’s re-election in 1832. • The expansion of political participation regardless of class was a break from trends in the rest of the world – THIS IS KNOWN AS JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY

14. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • A new government: (241-242) • The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 marked a clear break with politics of the past • Jackson allowed his supporters to join in a celebration at the White House – the party got out of control when as many as 20,000 visitors joined the festivities • Rewarded supporters by giving them government jobs – THE SPOILS SYSTEM – “to the victor belong the spoils” • By rewarding political supporters with government appointments (jobs), politicians could ensure future support from the state branches of their party

15. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • A new government: (241-242) • Jackson wanted to REFORM government bureaucracy: • Jackson felt that officials who stayed in public office too long often forgot that they were servants of the people. Thus, Jackson favored a rotation in office – the periodic replacement of officeholders • Though Jackson’s changes fell far short of complete rotation. During his presidency he never replaced more than 20% of government workers for political reasons

16. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • A new government: (241-242) • Jackson’s goal was not simply to replace his opponent’s supporters with his own. He believed that the government was supposed to be the servant of the people. Jackson therefore appointed to office those people who he considered qualified. He kept competent workers regardless of their political party

17. The Rise of Jacksonian Democracy • THE ELECTION OF 1828: (240-242) • A new government: (241-242) • Perhaps the biggest change Jackson brought to politics was his willingness to select people from all walks of life. • Previously, most politicians had believed that only the wealthy were qualified to serve in government. • Jackson believed that every American, regardless of social or economic class, was potentially as competent as any other • This major faith in the ability of the American people to govern themselves is one major reason why Jackson was considered the people’s president

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