Asia and the Pacific

1. Asia and the Pacific Notes by Mrs. Shea

2. Lesson 1: Land and Water Vocabulary Plateau Peninsula Fertile Population Density Desert Loess Archipelago

3. Mount Everest

4. Climbed by Doug Scott and Dougal Haston 9/24/1975 • Evening, had to build snow cave because not enough time to get back to camp before night • Beautiful view • Surrounding Mts. dwarfed by Everest

5. East Asia’s Landforms • China most of area; Mountains, highlands, plateaus, and wide plains • Other countries; Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan • Mountains, No wide plains or plateaus • In Japan and Korea’s: narrow plains by coast and rivers

6. East Asia’s Landforms • Scientist believe mountains and plateaus formed from collision of another land mass into Asia (India) • Japan formed/shaped by earthquakes and volcanoes

7. A Land of Extremes (China) • Oldest civilization on Earth • Most people of any nation • 2/3 + of China: mountains & desert • Himalaya Mtns. (in. Everest) • Part in Tebet (part of China) • High plateau, surrounded by mtns • Most important rivers: Yangzi & Huang He

8. Rivers Yangzi • 3,915 mi to E. China Sea • Only Chinese river deep enough for cargo ships Huang He • 400 Million+ people live by • Through N. China Plain • 1 of most fertile area • Covered w/ Loess

9. Japan: An Island Country • Archipelago (group of islands) in W. Pac. Ocean • 4 major islands, 3000+ smaller ones • Major cities on coast • Almost 80% mountainous

10. The Koreas: “Land of Golden Embroidery” • Called b/c of sunlight reflected off water • On a peninsula • Mountainous (not as high as those in China and Japan) • 70% of land • 2 countries since end of WWII (1945) N. & S.

11. Geography & Population • High pop. Den. in lowland coastal areas (better for crops) • Few in desert & highland areas • Level ground used for cities, farms, industries • Japan: almost ½ pop. on 3% of land • China: most pop. in E.

12. Geography & Population • Mostly Rural • ~ 70% people in rural areas • Some of largest cities in the world • 80% of people in Japan in cities • Seoul, S. Korea: ~10 million people

13. Lesson 2: Climate and Vegetation

14. Vocabulary Monsoon Typhoon Deciduous

15. East Asia’s Climate - Variety of Climates • Variety of Climates

16. East Asia’s Climate - Variety of Climates • East Asia’s Climate Region • E. China: Humid subtropical (Hot summers, cool winters; plenty of rain) • S. Korea & Japan: coolers summers, warmer winters • Completely (or almost) surrounded by water

17. East Asia’s Climate - Variety of Climates • N. Interior of China: very dry; ranges very hot to very cold • Plateau of Tibet: cool, dry (highland)

18. East Asia’s Climate - Variety of Climates • Storms in Asia • Monsoons (winds blowing across regions @ certain times of year) • Summer: winds blow W across pacific - Asia • Bring rain, hot & humid weather • Winter: wind blow E.

19. East Asia’s Climate - Variety of Climates • Winter: wind blow E. • Begin in N. interior: cold & dry • Dust storms • Cross warm waters: pick up moisture • Bring rain and snow

20. East Asia’s Climate - Variety of Climates • Typhoons: violent storms that develop over Pacific Ocean • Wind speed: 75+ mph • Heavy rain

21. Influence of Climate • Vegetation • Most strong enough to handle seasonal changes • Bamboo • Grow fast in wet season, stores food in root system for dry season • Desert plants (shrubs, small flowering plants) • Spring up after rains, disappear when dry again.

22. Influence of Climate • Deciduous trees • Drop leaves to save water for rest of plant

23. The Life of the People • Area around Huang He (a.k.a Yellow R.) • River picks up loess & deposits on N. China Plain • Loess covers 125,000 mi2 area around river • Good for farming • Floods • Dams built to control water (can still flood from monsoons)

24. The Life of the People • Dams built to control water (can still flood from monsoons) • River nicknamed “China’s Sorrow” • Agriculture • S. China: warm weather, so rice main crop • N: cooler, wheat & other grains grow better • Eat more flour products (e.g. Noodles)

25. Lesson 3: Natural Resources

26. Vocabulary Import Developed country Export Double-cropping Terrace Aquaculture Developing Country Hydroelectricity

27. Possibly 74 billion barrels of oil beneath TaklaMakan • Desert: being drilled, even though extreme temps

28. Minerals • North Korea • Developing country: Little modern tech, low industrial products • Plentiful coal & iron (useful in manufacturing) • Otherwise limited supply • South Korea • Developed Country: many industries, well developed country • Only large supplies are of tungsten & graphite • In electronics and pencils

29. Minerals • Imports needed supplies for industries • One of richest economies in E. Asia • Many exports

30. Minerals • Japan • Modern industrial • Few mineral resources • Largest importer of coal, natural gas, oil • 95% of needed iron ore, tin, & copper for industries • China • Large supply of resources • Copper, tin, iron mined 2000+ years • One of largest oil supplies in world • Still imports some other needed supplies

31. Forests • Some areas have large forests • However, lots of cutting w/o replacing • Some countries still have to import wood • Replanting programs have been initiated

32. Water • Strong water power from heavy rains & mountains • Dams to collect water • Power plants for hydroelectricity But Expensive

33. Water • Pacific Ocean • Cold & warm currents meet • Many tiny plants that attract fish • Fishing • poles , nets, cormorant (trained bird) • Some boats owned by huge companies • Aquaculture (Sea Farming) • Raise fish in huge cages in shallow bays • Artificial reefs for oysters and shrimp

34. Water • Lakes and Rivers in China • Give twice as much freshwater • Fish as any other country

35. Fertile Lands: • Big Population needs lots of food • Many mtns & plateaus make it difficult • Farm as much land as possible (even types of land other countries wouldn’t use) • China 10% • Japan: 11% • N.Korea: 14% • S. Korea: 19% (same % as USA) • Cut terraces into sides of steep hills to make more usable land

36. Fertile Lands: • China • Grow one crop in between rows of another • Plant on side of roads and railways • Double-cropping with proper climate and soil • Grow 2 crops (sometimes 3) in same soil in a year • Ex: Japan - rice seed (sewn) planted in small fields when big enough moved to larger field after wheat harvest • Fast Ripening rice • Not much livestock: take up too much space • Looking for ways to improve to feed people

37. Chapter 2 Cultures and History Lesson 1: Historic Traditions

38. Vocabulary: Civilization Migration Irrigate Clan Emperor Dynasty Cultural diffusion Communist

39. Intro • Confucius • China ~ 500 BC • Everyone has duties & responsibilities • Result: peace & harmony • Influenced Chinese gov’t & culture

40. East Asia’s Achievements • Civilization: Incl. cities, central gov’t, workers w/ specialized jobs, social classes • China: oldest continuous civilization in the world

41. The Glory That was China • Ancient China wanted to separate self from rest of the world • Great Wall of China • Started as many small walls to divide fighting groups (600s bc) • Later unified, symbol of seporations • Named country middle kingdom • Center of universe

42. The Glory That was China • Accomplishments • Inventions • Paper, gunpowder, silk weaving, magnetic compass, printing press, clockwork, spinning wheel, water wheel • Experts @: Digging canals, building dams & bridges, setting up irrigation systems • Discoveries in math & medicine

43. The Glory That was China • Ruled by emperor • Series of rulers from same family: dynasty • Chinese history in terms of dynasties • Note timeline pg 30

44. Korea & China • 1200 bc: troubles in China • Migration from China to what is now Korean peninsula • More moved to southern part of peninsula • Peninsula unified was one kingdom under Silla people • Note timeline top pg 31

45. Years of Japanese Isolation • Fighting btwn clans (groups of fams.w/ some ancestors) for power for many years • ~500 AD Yamato gained power • Claimed descendants of sun goddess • Assumed role of emperor • Limited power for emperors for long time

46. Years of Japanese Isolation • Shoguns (emperors generals) made laws • Samurai (warrior nobles) enforced laws • Ruled for 700+ yrs

47. Years of Japanese Isolation • Japan traded w/ E. Asia for a little while • Isolation 1640-1853 • Supposed to increase/secure unity • Become interested in Western ideas/inventions • Began trade w/ W. in 1800s • Note timeline pg 32

48. The Spread of Culture • Cultural diffusion • Chinese ideas spread to Korea & Japan • Inventions & discoveries • Teaching of Confucius (one of first ideas that spread) • Buddhism (China got from India)

49. The Spread of Culture • Also btwn other lands • From Korea to Japan • Japanese liked Korean pottery so captured villages of potters & took back to Japan (1598) • Used borrowed ideas but made them their own

50. Westerners in East Asia • Even though East Asia wanted to separateself from rest of the world, the rest of the world wanted to know more about E. Asia • Marco Polo, Italian merchant, visited 1200s • Described royal palace w/ walls covered in gold & silver, burning black rocks (coal) for heat • Europeans wanted to see & get riches