New Horizon College English

New Horizon College English Unit 6 Section A The Trashman

Text Analysis Pre-reading Activities Background information Watch & Discuss Main idea of each part Language points Expressions How to apply to our real life the typical expressions and patterns taken from the text Detailed study of the text Paragraph Writing Tips for Para. Writing

Pre-reading Activities: background information • Ever since ancient times, human beings have learned how to deal with large amount of garbage in urban areas. As early as the second century BC, the Chinese had established a workforce that gathered garbage in its big cities. In the united states, Benjamin Franklin was the first to implement sanitation services in the form of street cleaning and some trash removal during the 1700s in Philadelphia. Today, each local government in the us manages its own waste management service. The employees who collect garbage are called trashmen.

Back I. Pre-reading Activities: Look & Say 1. What do you think can pull you through any crisis you are faced with? key 2. What points should we pay attention to in the cultivation of confidence? key Video watching Directions: Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:

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Our life is rich with cases in point. Jin Wei, for example, a boy from Shandong Province, took a strong interest in the Chinese traditional medicine from his childhood. When he was 9 years old, however, a severe disease deprived him of his sight, thus leaving little chance for him to realize his heart-felt dream. Yet Jin Wei did not yield to his fate and continued his struggle with the same confidence. Much to our surprise, his efforts have earned him a doctorate of philosophy in medicine awarded by the USA as well as world fame for his unique method of diagnosing through feeling the pulse. Summary:As can be seen from the video, it is the confidence that pushes Flik, the ant, to fight against the grasshoppers’ ruthless oppression and in the end leads the ant world to success. At first, Flik thinks their world is a guaranteed failure, assuming nothing can be done about it. To build up his confidence, many of his friends offer many messages of courage and love. What they say includes “ You are not a failure” “You’ve done so many good things” and “…we’ll follow you into battle; we believe in you, my boy.” At last, the little ant, Dot, brings before Flik a rock as a reminder of the tale of a seed he once told her. Now Flik is filled with great confidence. >>>more 返回 Path of thinking: • What gives the ant Flik courage to fight against the grasshoppers’ oppression? • Can you give an example in point taken from our real life? key

Summary: To build up your confidence, you must give more thought to the points as follows: 1) Your confidence stems from your knowledge about the world as well as about yourself. The better you know about both, the greater confidence you can cultivate in yourself. Now your college education offers you the best chance to struggle toward this end. Hold fast to it or you’ll stand little chance to make up for it. 2) Your confidence also arises from others’ good psychological suggestions. If you often receive messages of praise and trust from others, you will feel more faith in yourself. 3) And the most of all, your confidence results from the buildup of small victories as well as the frequent use of positive words in your daily life. Be sure to be open-minded about every sense of achievement you gain from today’s well-done work at home or from yesterday’s good answer in class. Put together, they will make you into one with fuller confidence. Be sure to resort to such happy words as “I am better than the facts would justify”, “This is a challenge I have been expecting” and “ ‘Giving up’ can not be found in my dictionary.” etc. for the buildup of your self-confidence. >>>more 返回 Path of thinking: • Where does your self-confidence come from? • What points would you like to share with others? key 返回

II.Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea Part Ⅰ Part Ⅱ Part Ⅲ Main idea of each part Part IV

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea ? Part I (Para.1-3) A general introduction about the work of being a trashman.

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea ? What the writer and Steve experienced during their exchanges with the local people. Part II (Para.4-11)

II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea ? The writer explains his attitude in face of the cold responses from the people they served. Part III (Para.12-13)

Main idea ? Part IV (para14) Trashmen are as important just as economists and that trashmen and economists deserve equal respect from society.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points to head to/toward …朝/向……走返回孩子们向学校走去,身后有小狗相随。 The children were heading to/toward school, followed by their little dogs.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points [构词法] con(前缀:一起) +tin/tain(字根: 坚持) +后缀 Family members: continue v. (使)继续continued a. 继续的continuing a. 连续的continuity n. 连续性 continual a.不断的continuance n. 继续 continuation n. 继续 continuative a. 继续的 continuator n. 继续者 contain v. 包含;容纳container n. 容器containment n.包含返回

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points to go with: to match or suit (sth.) 与…相配返回玛丽的蓝色连衣裙与她那对水汪汪的大眼睛很相配。 Mary’s blue dress goes well with her big dancing eyes.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points to boast about/of:to speak too proudly of 吹牛,吹嘘返回他很爱自吹自擂。 He is fond of boasting about himself. 现在仍然有一部分干部乐于吹嘘自己以前的功劳。 Nowadays, there are still some leaders who take delight in boasting of their previous contributions.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points stay away from: keep away from; do not get close to 远离…; 别靠近… 返回远离拥挤和喧闹的大城市的办法之一是接近自然. One of the ways to stay away from the crowded and noisy city is to get close to nature.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points to leave+n.+adj.(or -ing/-ed )使…处于某种状态句型返回 He left the door open. I left the room clean. He left the job unfinished. I left him waiting at the station. I left the machine working all night. Don’t leave the water running.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points to stay at: remain behind at保留；待在返回 1. 他决定终生从教。 2. 求职面试时间定在下周四,所以你还得在家呆四天。 • He decided to stay at his job as a teacher for his lifetime. 2. The job interview is on next Thursday. Therefore, you have to stay at home for another four days.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points contrary to: completely different from 与…相反;违反;不顾 >>>more 返回 1. 这种做法是违反大多数人民的利益的。 2. 不顾大伙的建议, 他开始在雨中爬山。 1. Such practice is contrary to the interests of the majority of the people. 2. Contrary to all advice, he started to climb the mountain in the rain.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points >>>more 返回比较 to the contrary:differently有相反情况 on the contrary:(used for expressing strongopposition or disagreement with what has just been said) not at all; no (与此) 相反 on the other hand:(used for adding a new and different fact to a statement …另一方面… in contrast (with/to):showing the surprising difference between two very different facts与…形成对比

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points look down on/upon:have a poor opinion of (sb.), especially as being below one’s social level 瞧不起,蔑视 >>>more 返回如果知识分子在一个国家受到歧视,那么要快速发展这个国家简直是白日做梦。 It’s a daydream to develop a country rapidly if the intellectuals are looked down on/upon in that country.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points >>>more 返回 to look about 四处张望 to look after 照料 to look ahead 向前看 to look around/round 环顾;到处寻找 to look as if 看来似乎… to look away 把脸转过去 to look back 回顾, 追想 to look forward to 盼望 to look into 调查;朝里看 to look on 旁观

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points 返回 to look out 小心;朝外看 to look over 检查 to look through 看透 to look up 查阅;正在改进

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points to be in for:be unable to escape; be sure to get or have 免不了遭受返回生活在地球上,免不了要遭受一些自然灾害。我们应该发扬人定胜天的精神来应对这些灾难。 Living on the earth, we are in for some natural disasters, with which we should deal by developing the spirit that man will surely conquer nature.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points hold water:be able to be proved true or brought to actual(论点等)站得住脚, 说得通, 能成立返回你的观点听起来很怪,似乎说不通。 Your views sound strange and it seems that they don’t hold water.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points call for: demand (sth. or sb.); ask for 要求 >>>more 返回新的形势要求我们必须采取措施防止青少年犯罪。 The new situations call for our measures against young people’s committing crimes. 那个贪官的行为应予严惩，法官判了他终生监禁。 That corrupt official’s actions called for a heavy punishment, and the judge sentenced him to life imprisonment.

Text B: Comprehension Guide & Language Points 返回 to call away叫走to call back 召回,叫回; 回电话to call in 叫进, 引入to call off 宣告终止to call on/upon 访问; 号召…做某事to call together 召集to call up动员,召集; 打电话给…

Language points: • Language Point 1: I could not have imagined there would be joy in this. (Para. 2) • Meaning: In the very beginning, I didn't expect that there would be joy in the job. • Please notice the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.

Language points: • Language Point 2: I said hello in quite a few yards before the message registered that this wasn't normally done. (Para. 5) • Meaning: Before I understood that saying hello wasn't something that was commonly done, I said hello to many people."The message" here refers to "that this wasn't normally done". The response the greeted people made to his greetings helped him to understand that he was doing something other trashmen never did and were not expected to do. This can be seen from the following sentences and paragraphs.

Language points: • Language Point 3: I left this country a little cleaner than I found it this morning. (Para. 13) • Meaning: When I finished my job in the evening, I found the country was cleaner than it had been in the morning. • Notice the structure "leave + n. + a. (or V-ing/V-ed) • I left the room clean. 我离开时房间干干净净。 • I left the job undone. 我离开时工作没做完。 • I left him waiting at the station. 我把他留在车站等侯。

Language points: • Language Point 4：Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water. (Para. 14) • Meaning: Neither its pipes nor its theories will stand up to inspection because of low quality. • The sentence has been taken from the following quotation: "The society which scorns excellence in plumbing because plumbing is a humble activity and tolerates shoddiness in philosophy because philosophy is an exalted activity will have neither good plumbing nor good philosophy. Neither its pipes nor its theories will hold water." This sentence can be paraphrased as: Neither the plumber's pipes nor the philosopher's theories will stand up to scrutiny (or inspection), i.e. hold water, if a plumber's work is undervalued causing the plumber to do shoddy work and philosophy is valued no matter how shoddy, i.e. not of very high quality.

Ⅵ. Paragraph Writing (原因分析) Contributors to Changes /Success / Failure in Sth. (changes: decline / rise / improvement, etc) 下一页

Back Ⅵ. Paragraph Writing 写作技巧（原因分析） 1）Just as what has happened to anything in the world, many factors lead to the changes in sth. 2) In the first place, …(原因I). 3)… (进一步阐述). 4) In the second, …(原因II) 5）… (进一步阐述) 6) And above all, … (原因III) 7) … (进一步阐述) 8) Our list of contributors could go on, but the foregoing ones are already enough to give us a deep insight into the changes. (划线部分可被替代) 上一页下一页

Back Ⅵ. Paragraph Writing Reference model: Contributors to Their Success in Marriage Life 1) Just as what has happened to anything in the world, many factors lead to their success in marriage life. 2) In the first place, a positive psychological suggestion plays a role. 3) If a couple often utter syllables, like “We will love each other and live a happy life”as shown in their story, about the bright side of their marriage, they will bring more spirits of love and happiness 上一页下一页

Back Ⅵ. Paragraph Writing into their life whereas, if a couple constantly speak of poison-words such as “terrible”, “painful” and “exhausted”, they will build one little ghost of bitterness after another to live with. 4) In the second, a common and good taste for life counts much to a couple’s thirst for each other. 5) As told in their story, the couple used to underline favorite passages to share with each other, which added color to their marriage life. 6) And above all, readiness to devote more to the other serves 上一页下一页

Ⅵ. Paragraph Writing as the bottom line in their marriage life. 7) Like many other couples, the couple in the story also had much to complain about in their daily life, but both acted to fill each other’s needs as time and opportunity allowed. 8) Our list of contributors to their success in marriage life could go on, but the foregoing ones are already enough to give us a deep insight into the problem. THE END 上一页

New Horizon College English