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Monday December 16 th 2013

QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Semester** OBJ: Biome Video: Frozen Tundra. Monday December 16 th 2013. “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”. QU: How does cellular respiration allow life to continue? **CR Project Due Friday!!**

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Monday December 16 th 2013

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  1. QU: Why do we breathe? **Need book the rest of the Semester** • OBJ: Biome Video: Frozen Tundra Monday December 16th 2013 “Cockroaches can live for 9 days after their head has been cut off.”

  2. QU: How does cellular respiration allow life to continue? **CR Project Due Friday!!** • OBJ: Finish Biome, Over Test, Start PRJ Tuesday December 17th 2013

  3. Cellular Respiration

  4. Plants - Autotrophs: • self-producers. • Animals - Heterotrophs: • consumers. In what organisms does cellular respiration take place? Plants and Animals…

  5. Cellular respiration’s main function • Turn glucose into useable ATP • 38 ATP per Glucose molecule • Also forms carbon dioxide and water C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP) WHY? (cont.)

  6. Cellular Respiration occurs in the… • Cytoplasm • Glycolysis---Cytosol (Cytoplasm) • Mitochondria • Krebs Cycle—Mitochondrial Matrix • Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase---Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Where does Cellular Respiration occur? WHERE?

  7. Inner membrane space Matrix Cristae Outer membrane Inner membrane WHERE? (cont.)

  8. What happens in Cellular Respiration?

  9. QU: How do you think cellular respiration is similar to our respiration? **Make sure to BRING YOUR BOOK!!!* • OBJ: CR Notes and CR Prj “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.” Thursday December 19th2013

  10. Cellular Respiration: • catabolic, exergonic, oxygen (O2)requiring process that uses energyto extract energy (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). • Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down • Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (Glucose) (ATP) WHAT?

  11. Adenosine Tri-Phospate: • Made of three things • 1.) Ribose (sugar) • 2.) Adenosine (base) • 3.) Three phosphates • Key to the activity of ATP AMP, ADP, ATP

  12. ATP works by losing the end most phosphate. • As the molecule goes from ATP to ADP to AMP it loses a phosphate. • With each lost phosphate more energy is released • This reaction releases a lot of energy, which the organism can then use to build proteins, contract muscles, etc AMP, ADP, ATP

  13. ATP ADP AMP ATP to ADP To ADP releases energy

  14. HOW: Steps of Cellular RespirationGlycolysis and Krebs Cycleand Substrate Level Phosphorylation

  15. Cellular Respiration is broken into three main parts. • 1.) Glycolysis: splits sugar (glucose) • 2.) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Extracts the energy from glucose • 3.) Electron Transport Chain/ATP Synthase: Turns the energy into ATP for the body to use **In total makes 38 ATP** WHAT? (cont.)

  16. Occurs in thecytoplasm just outside of mitochondria. • Two phases: A. Energy investment phase -Put energy in B. Energy yielding phase -Get energy out Glycolysis

  17. Glucose (6C) C-C-C-C-C-C 2ATP 2 ATP - used 0 ATP - produced 0 NADH - produced 2P 2ADP + C-C-C C-C-C Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) (G3P or GAP) • Energy Investment Phase: must put in 2 molecules of ATP to start Cellular Respiration Glycolysis: Step 1

  18. Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C) GAP GAP C-C-C C-C-C 4ADP + 4P 0 ATP - used 4 ATP - produced 2 NADH - produced 4ATP C-C-C C-C-C (PYR) (PYR) Pyruvate(2 - 3C) • Energy Yielding Phase: Rewarded for your investment by 4 ATP molecules Glycolysis: Step 2

  19. Total Net Yield: 2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR) 2 - ATP(You put in two ATP and made for so total you have is 2 ATP) 2 - NADH Glycolysis: The final picture

  20. QU: How is energy released from the ATP? *CR Project Due Friday at the end of the hour* • OBJ: C.R. Notes and C.R. Project “The warmest temperature ever recorded on Antarctica was 3 degrees F.” Thursday December 19th 2013

  21. The 2 Pyruvates (PYR) (3 Carbons) lose one carbon each. • Now they each have only 2 carbons and are called Acetyl CoA (PYR) (PYR) C-C-C C-C-C C-C C-C Acetyl CoA Acetyl CoA “The In-between”

  22. Mitochondrial Matrix • Location: Mitochondrial Matrix • Acetyl CoA (2C)bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA)to make Citrate (6C). • It takes 2 turnsof the krebs cycle to oxidize1 glucosemolecule. • Oxidize: remove electrons for energy Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  23. Total net yield(2 turnsof Krebs Cycle) 1. 2 - ATP 2. 6 – NADH 3. 2 - FADH2 4. 4 - CO2 Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

  24. QU: • OBJ: C.R. Notes and Project “In 1845 Boston had an ordinance banning bathing unless you had a doctor's prescription.” *CR Project Due Today at the end of the hour* **CR Quiz on Friday** ***Journals Due Friday*** Friday December 20th 2012

  25. Steps of Cellular RespirationElectron Transport Chain (ETC)

  26. Inner Mitochondrial Membrane • Location:inner mitochondrial membrane. • ETC and ATPSynthase(enzyme) make ATP. • ETCis a series of transport proteins that pump H+and electrons across the inner membrane to make ATP and Water. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  27. All NADH and FADH2converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP. • Water is also made Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  28. Electron Transport Chain

  29. Total ATP Yield 1. 04 ATP – Glycolysis and Krebs cycle 2. 34 ATP - ETC 38 ATP – TOTAL NET Yield ETC Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbJ0nbzt5Kw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Total ATP Yield…

  30. Makes ATP without oxygen • Anaerobic Process • Only uses glycolysis Fermentation

  31. Net gain of 2 ATP • By product is CO2 and alcohol in plants • By product is lactic acid in humans • The burn you feel when you exercise Fermentation

  32. HAPPY BREAK! BE SAFE and MAKE GOOD DECISIONS! • QU: • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Notes and PRJ **CR Project Due at end of Hour** Friday December 20th 2013

  33. QU: Are there more ATPs produced in Cellular Respiration or Fermentation? **Test 1/8 On Chapter 7** • OBJ: Over Project, Practice Quiz Monday January 6th 2014

  34. QU: **Cellular Respiration Test on WedNesday** • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Review Tuesday January 7th 2014

  35. Chapter 7 Hand Written Notes • Cellular Respiration Project • Cellular Respiration Practice Quiz • Cellular Respiration Graphic Organizer • Cellular Respiration Chapter Review • Chapter 7 Test Answer Sheet Binder Organization: Ch 7

  36. QU: How did you study for this test? **Chapter Review to the HW Bin** • OBJ: Cellular Respiration Test, Org Binder WedNesday January 8th 2013

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