American Indian Outreach and Assistance Project: Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada

1. American Indian Outreach and Assistance Project: Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada Staci Emm, Professor/Extension Educator, University of Nevada, Reno Carol Bishop, Associate Professor/Extension Educator, University of Nevada, Reno Trent Teegerstrom, Associate Director Tribal Extension Programs, University of Arizona

2. We call this project “2501” What does the project do: • Works with different tribes and individual Indians in sustaining agricultural operations • Works with Individuals on personal financial management to begin the business planning processes • Provides education on Indian land and water resources to further the sustainability of tribal and/or individual agricultural operations • Provides education on Indian land leasing for agricultural purposes • Provides estate planning education • Provides linkages into other USDA assistance programs • Mentorship: This includes creating your own enterprise budget for your operation whether it is grown fresh vegetables and selling them, or you want to start a horse shoeing business.

3. Assistance is provided by request • All you have to do is ask for assistance. • The project team will build the education program around your needs.

4. Drought Disaster Declaration

5. How is Disaster Declaration Made? • USDA Secretarial Drought Disaster Declaration automatically made for each county when the following conditions occur: • Any area in county in a D2 condition continuously for 8 weeks during growing season • Any area in county in a D3 or D4 condition during growing season • Contiguous counties declared with primary counties. • Declarations made for calendar year; map reset in early January. • Drought disaster declaration carries an extended date of 8 months for USDA Emergency Loans.

6. What is Business Risk? • Protecting yourself and your business • Think about and brainstorm different scenarios that could occur that would impact your business. Are you is a position to survive these possible and so called disasters? • Protecting your markets: Price fluctuations the volatility of the markets. • Insurance: Business interruption, workers compensation, auto, health, life and home. • Death: Estate planning, wills.

7. What is Risk Management? • Managing life and resources at a personal and acceptable level of risk. • There are two primary aspects of risk management: • The first is anticipating that an unfavorable event may happen and acting to reduce the chances that it will happen. • The second aspect of risk management is contingency planning -- taking actions ahead of time to reduce the negative consequences if something bad happens.

8. Estate Planning: What is probate? • The entire process of administering and distributing a deceased person’s estate is called probate. • Probate is typically supervised by a court. • Probate includes finding and collecting all of the decedent’s assets, paying their bills and distributing the remaining estate assets to their heirs and beneficiaries.

9. What’s in an Estate Plan? An Estate Plan includes one or more of the following examples of documents: • Will, or Last Will and Testament • Healthcare Directive • Designation of a Guardian • Power of Attorney • Designation of Standby Custodian

10. Land Tenure & Land Leasing: Utilizing Indian land in your agricultural operation In 1891, Congress approved leasing allotments to non-Indians to farm, so that leasing rather than farming allotments became the norm.

11. Land Tenure & Jurisdictions • Historical federal policy has created convoluted and multi-facet jurisdictional issues • Arizona and New Mexico has some reservations that are more convoluted concerning land tenure than others. • Each tribe should have a land department or a person that deals with land tenure on the reservation. • Tribes can consider pooling resources with other reservations to deal with land management.

12. Land Tenure & Jurisdictions Possible jurisdictions can include one or more of the following below… • Specific tribe • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Individual Allotment Holder • Tribal member • Non-Indian • State • County • Town or City

13. Agricultural/BusinessRisk Management • Knowing your land tenure and water resources • Knowing where you are financially • Knowing your cost of production • Understanding your markets • Knowing what risk management tools are available and how they work • Seeking input and communicating with family, employees, loan officers, and insurance agents • Setting goals, developing a plan, and transitioning farms from one generation to another

14. Contact us Staci Emm emms@unce.unr.edu 775-945-3444 Carol Bishop bishop@unce.unr.edu 702-397-8957 Trent Teegerstrom tteegers@ag.arizona.edu 520-621-7201