1 / 15

Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Europe Looks Outward. 2.1-The Age of Exploration. * The Viking Explorers - In 1001, Leif Erikson & 35 men explored they called Vinland, but may have been North America * The Voyages of Columbus ( 3)

rosalyn-peterson
Download Presentation

Chapter 2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 Europe Looks Outward

  2. 2.1-The Age of Exploration * The Viking Explorers - In 1001, Leif Erikson & 35 men explored they called Vinland, but may have been North America * The Voyages of Columbus ( 3) - Columbus was searching for a sea way to Asia for trading. (What he thought to be 21 Day exploration) - Asked Portugal to fund his exploration, they said no. - Spain funded the exploration. - Three Ships : Nina, Pinta, & the Santa Maria

  3. -First Voyage: Thought he was in the Indies, actually in Cuba. • -Left people in Hispaniola to start a civilization. • - Second Voyage: Returned to find the people left in Hispaniola were dead. • -Landed in Puerto Rico • -Took gold, trinkets, and captives back to Spain. • -Third Voyage: Thought he was in Asia, actually reached South America • Asked for a fourth trip, he was denied. • -Columbus died 2 years later still convinced he had reached Asia.

  4. * Other Important Explorers • - Amerigo Vespucci : Followed the routes of Columbus and determined that land • was not Asia. He named it “ The Land of Amerigo” later shortened to “America”. • -Vasco Nunez de Balboa- First explorer to see the Pacific Ocean • -Ferdinand Magellan- Searched for an Atlantic- Pacific Ocean passageway ( The Strait of Magellan) • -He was the first Person to Circumnavigate, sail around the world.

  5. *The Columbian Exchange-Exploration brought about a global exchange of goods and ideas. • Positive Effects From Europe: cows hogs domestic animals wheat oats • Negative Effects From Europe • brought diseases that killed Native Americans Smallpox Chickenpox Measles -Positive Effects From Native Americans -Animals: Llamas, Turkeys, Squirrels, and Muskrats *Most Important-How to cultivate land and harvest crops.

  6. 2.2- Spain’s Empire in the Americas * Spain defeat the Aztecs and Incas -Conquistador : A soldier Adventurer - Two Victorious Leaders : * Hernando Cortes *Francisco Pizarro *Why were the Spanish successful - The advances in technology : armor, muskets, cannons - Rode horses - Native Americans were divided amongst themselves.

  7. *Hernando Cortes defeats Moctezuma and the Aztecs and built Mexico City • -Originally Moctezuma offered Cortes gold to make the Spanish troops leave Tenochtitlan ( Capital) , but Cortes kept the gold and took Moctezuma hostage. • -The Aztecs rebelled and forces the Spanish to leave. • -One year later, Cortes captured Tenochtitlan burns it to the ground and builds Mexico City for the colony of New Spain. • *Francisco Pizarro defeats Atahualpa and the Incas • -Pizarro took the Inca leader ( Atahualpa) hostage, the Incas paid a huge ransom to free him. • -Pizarro kept the ransom, and executed Atahualpa.

  8. * Other Spanish Explorers : All came searching for gold - Juan Ponce de Leon : The first Spaniard to set foot in what is now the United States - Alvar Nunez Cabeza : Landed in present day Texas - Francisco Coronado : Explored New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and Kansas - Hernando de Soto : Found the Mississippi River

  9. * Society in Spanish America - The Spanish forced Native Americans to work. - Many owned plantations. - Encomiendas : Land grants that gave rights to demand labor or taxes from the Native Americans. - Spanish felt the need to covert Native Americans to Christianity - As the Native Americans keep dying, the Spanish look to Africa for laborers. -Society Labels: * Peninsulares : Spanish colonist born in Spain ( government officials) * Creoles: Colonists born in America with 2 Spanish parents *Mestizos: Spanish and Indian blood ( ranchers, farmers, merchants) * Mulatttos: Spanish and African blood ( bottom of the social class)

  10. 2.3- Europeans Compete in North America * Religion & Economics during the Reformation -Religion: Many other countries had split from the Roman Catholic Church causing tension around Europe. • Economic: As religion split countries in Europe, they all became eager to find routes to Asia and hoped to find gold.

  11. Examples: -Religion: Henry VIII wanted a son to inherit the throne. When his wife couldn’t produce a male, he wanted a divorce. Since the Roman Catholic Church would not grant him a divorce, he broke away from the Catholic Church and formed his own named the, Church of England. -Economic-Mercantilism:Coloniesexisted to make the home country wealthy and powerful.

  12. *Europeans searched for route to Asia -The Spanish Armada- Spain led an attack on England inhopes to convert them back to the Roman Catholic Church. -The Result: England defeat the Spanish Armada. Spain lost a lot of power in Europe. *Spain was in debt. *Opened the door for England & France to explore and found colonies.

  13. * The Northwest Passage -Northwest Passage- A sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific that passes through or around North America. - John Calbot ( England) : Explored areas near the Newfoundland and Chesapeake Bay &finally realized this land Columbus found was NOT Asia. -Henry Hudson : Had four voyages. *3rdVoyage( Netherlands) : Explore what is now New York & explore a river thattoday bears his name, the Hudson River. *4thVoyage ( England) : Found the Hudson Bay. The icy water made the exploration stop. After living through the harsh winter, by spring the crew conspired to mutiny Hudson.

  14. 2.4-France and the Netherlands • * The French Colony moves inland off the coast - Champlain: First French explorer to settle in North America ( New France) which today is Nova Scotia -French came to North America in search of trading animal skins for fish and furs. -Helped set up trading ports such as Québec City and Montreal.

  15. * The thriving Dutch Colony New Netherlands • - The Dutch Settled along the Hudson River Valley. It later became a barrier that blocked England from expanding westward. • - It was established because trade was so prosperous. • * The Impact on the Native Americans • - Native Americans gave the French & Dutch fur pelts • - French & Dutch made an alliance with the Native Americans • - The French & Dutch traded with Native Americans , they did not make them labor or pay taxes. ( A peaceful relationship) • -As the amount of animals decreased, the value of the Native American Land increased because more colonist needed farm land.

More Related