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1994 Bolivian Earthquake

1994 Bolivian Earthquake. Eric Kiser. 1994 Bolivian Earthquake. Moment Magnitude (Mw): 8.3 Epicenter: 13.84°S and 67.55 °W Depth: 631km. Outline. Rupture Characteristics Comparison with other Deep Earthquakes Tectonics. Silver et al., 1995. Directivity Analysis. Silver et al., 1995.

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1994 Bolivian Earthquake

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  1. 1994 Bolivian Earthquake Eric Kiser

  2. 1994 Bolivian Earthquake • Moment Magnitude (Mw): 8.3 • Epicenter: 13.84°S and 67.55 °W • Depth: 631km

  3. Outline • Rupture Characteristics • Comparison with other Deep Earthquakes • Tectonics

  4. Silver et al., 1995

  5. Directivity Analysis Silver et al., 1995

  6. Silver et al., 1995

  7. 30km by 50km Rupture Plane • 40s Duration • 1.25 km/s Velocity • Rupture plane is too large Silver et al., 1995

  8. Other Rupture Properties • No Isotropic Component (Okal, 1996) • Friction melting (Kanamori et al, 1998) • Efficiency: 0.036 • Non-Radiated Energy: 1.4x1018 J • 52,000°C Temperature Increase • Slow Rupture Velocity and Large Slip

  9. Differences in the 1994 Bolivia and Tonga Earthquakes Wiens and McGuire, 1995

  10. Tonga Earthquake

  11. Bolivia Earthquake Tinker et al., 1995

  12. Tectonic Setting Kirby et al., 1995

  13. Tectonic Setting Kirby et al., 1995

  14. Tectonic Setting Kirby et al., 1995

  15. Kinks from compression • Kinks meet resistance at the • lower mantle • Slab Thickening Kirby et al., 1995

  16. Summary • Deepest earthquake ever recorded • Rupture extent, no isotropic component, and seismic efficiency have important implications for deep earthquake mechanisms • The majority of deep earthquakes may not exhibit these rupture characteristics

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