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Breast Cancer Overview: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, & Management

Learn about breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. Understand risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis methods, and management strategies for both early and advanced stages. Discover the importance of surveillance and key symptoms for further investigation.

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Breast Cancer Overview: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, & Management

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  1. Breast Cancer: The Profile Ma. Belen E. Tamayo,M.D. Medical Oncologist Makati Medical Center The Medical City

  2. Breast Cancer leading cause of cancer and cancer death among females worldwide estimated to affect 1 in 10 females during her lifetime

  3. Risk Factors: 1. Female gender 2. Hormonal factors 3. Family history particularly 1st degree relatives (mother, sisters) 4. Previous breast cancer 5. (+)BRCA-1, BRCA-2 gene

  4. Clinical Presentation: lump in the breast skin dimpling skin retraction nipple discharge ulcerating breast mass pain in the breast

  5. Diagnosis: tissue biopsy (excision or FNA) mammography scintimammography MRI

  6. Management Depends on Several Factors: 1. Stage of the disease 2. Age 3. Menopausal status 4. Estrogen/Progesterone Receptors 5. Concomitant illness

  7. Management : I. Local Treatment A. Surgery 1.Breast-conservation surg + ALND + RT 2.Modified radical mastectomy

  8. B. Radiation Therapy Cobalt Linear Accelerator Indications: 1. Node positive tumors (II,III) 2. (+) margins of resection 3. As part of breast conservation treatment

  9. Indications of Radiation Therapy: 4. Local recurrence 5. Ulcerating lesions 6. Brain metastasis 7. Bone metastasis

  10. II. Systemic Treatment A. Cytotoxic chemotherapy B. Hormonal therapy

  11. Early Breast Cancer Trialist Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) confirmed that Tamoxifen and polychemotherapy reduced both recurrence and 10-year mortality Lancet 1992

  12. IS BREAST CANCER CURABLE? Yes No

  13. Prognostic Factors For Recurrence: 1. Age 2. Cancer Stage at the time of initial diagnosis (Stage III > II > I ) 3. Treatment given after surgery (adjuvant therapy)

  14. Chance for Cure rises after 5 to 10 years of no recurrence. Cure cannot be absolutely guaranteed.

  15. For Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer: Cure is not possible Disease control may be achieved with the use of chemotherapy or hormonal therapy

  16. Risk Factors of Dying from Breast Cancer: 1. Extent of metastasis 2. Co-morbid illnesses

  17. Surveillance Critical period is the 1st 3 years Requires follow-up every 3 months

  18. Symptoms warranting further investigation: chronic cough difficulty in breathing bone pains persistent headache abdominal enlargement &/or pain

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