Notes 09/02 Class 01: Introduction GEO105: World Regional Geography

1. Notes 09/02Class 01: IntroductionGEO105: World Regional Geography Michael T. Wheeler Syracuse University, Geography

2. Lecture slide 02 Introduction • Class Introduction • Quick Instructor Bio • Dissertation on the development of 3d, historical maps • Today’s class: • How do geographers look at the world? • Some simple examples from North America • Administration: syllabus, assignments, tests, etc. • Textbook: • Marston, Knox, and Liverman.World Regions in Global Context. 2nd Edition. 2005.

3. Lecture slide 03 What is World Regional Geography? • Geography (from World Regions: In Global Context, p. 2) • Geography: study of natural and human features on Earth Human Geography: Spatial organization of human activity • Regional geography: individuality and interdependence of regions • World Regional (WR, p. 36) • Informed regional geography understands places as components of a constantly changing global system • In this sense, “all regional geography is historical geography” [my emphasis]

4. Lecture slide 04 This Course • My approach • Show how physical environment has historically shaped human activities • Describe how, when, and why places have been integrated into global system • European empires • neighbors • Describe regions today • Environment • Historical legacies • Relationship to global system (economics / trade) • Individuality (primarily culture)

5. Lecture slide 05 Where are the city locations?

6. Lecture slide 06 City Location Factors • Military Defense • Physical Geography • Waterfalls • Limits of navigation • Water power [WR, 305] • Biogeography • Disease • Crops • Economic Geography (Trade and Transportation) • Intra-empire (tobacco: WR, 302-3) • Navigable waterways • Interior (wheat) • Importance of Water Transportation

7. Lecture slide 07 Population Maps, British North America(future U.S.)

8. Lecture slide 08 Greater Trade Picture • Early Chesapeake • Tobacco to U.K. • Slaves from Africa (or Caribbean) • Later Chesapeake • Sugar from West Indies to U.K. • Wheat to West Indies • Settlement of interior • Development of towns • Location adjusted to terms of trade

9. Lecture slide 09 What were the ‘Natural’ Transportation Routes? WR, Figure 7.4: Physiographic regions of the United States and Canada (p. 295)

10. Lecture slide 10 French Empire in North America France in North America, ca. 1750

11. Lecture slide 11 Comparing European Empires • British colonies • Coastal • Primarily commercial crop production (agriculture) • Constrained by the Appalachians • French colonies • Primarily fur trading and fishing • Great fluvial systems • St. Lawrence River • Mississippi / Missouri / Ohio System

12. Lecture slide 12 NE North America Topography, 1800

13. Lecture slide 13 New York State Transportation Geography See: WR, p. 332

14. Lecture slide 14 Responses to Erie Canal (RRs)

15. Lecture slide 15 American Core • Transportation • Erie Canal • Big Four Trunk Line Railroads • New York Central • New York and Erie • Pennsylvania • Baltimore and Ohio • Seaborne Commerce • New York City • Philadelphia, Boston, and Baltimore • American Core • Industrializing Northeast • Rapidly-growing Midwest

16. Lecture slide 16 U.S.-Canadian Core Figure 7.33: Megalopolis and Main Street (p. 330)

17. Lecture slide 17 Break Population Density Map of North America

18. Lecture slide 18 New France, 1750

19. Lecture slide 19 New France, 1750

20. Lecture slide 20 Canadian Shield Figure 7.4: Physiographic regions of the United States and Canada (p. 295)

21. Lecture slide 21 St. Lawrence Settlement

22. Lecture slide 22 Loyalist Exodus • Loyalists • Reward with land for loyalty • Defensive buffer against future U.S. invasion • Understandably, strongly anti-U.S. • Native Americans • Iroquois scattered throughout southwestern Ontario

23. Lecture slide 23 Military Frontier

24. Lecture slide 24 Canadian Population, 1800

25. Lecture slide 25 Binding the Nation Together

26. Lecture slide 26 Trans-Continental Railroad

27. Lecture slide 27 Canadian Trade Flows

28. Lecture slide 28 Binding the Provinces

29. Lecture slide 29 Canadian Proximity to U.S.

30. Lecture slide 30 Québec problem, 1981

31. Lecture slide 31 Québec Separatist Movement 1995 Vote for an independent Québec

32. Lecture slide 32 Cold War Defense

33. Lecture slide 33 Review • General Themes • Physical Geography (Rivers, mountains, soil) • Trade • Transportation • Specific Lessons • Imperial Legacies • U.S.: British, relationship to West Indies • Canada: French, British • Interdependence of northern U.S. / Canada • Canada • Québec problem • Binding the Dominion together • Develop strong identity as not U.S.

34. Lecture slide 34 Break Population Density Map of North America

35. Lecture slide 35 Rest of Class [1] • Syllabus • Web Site • http://classes.maxwell.syr.edu/geo105_f04 • Textbook • Historical Approach – some jumping around • Regional Approach – modern regions • Tests • Mid-term, Final • Class Discussion Questions

36. Lecture slide 36 Rest of Class [2] • Calendar • Assignments • Topic • Multi-Country Analysis • Large Ethnic Minority within a country • Geographic Examples • U.S. / Canada • India / Pakistan • Israel and Palestine • Belgium: ½ Walloon (French), ½ Flemish (Dutch) • Indonesia and East Timor

37. Lecture slide 37 Rest of Class [3]