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HIST2134 The Third Reich through Documents, 1933-1945. Lecture 10: German Resistance against Hitler 30 April 2013. Fundamentalist approach : Concentrates on elite groups in their organized, brave, high-risk political actions to fight the NS regime. Social approach:
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HIST2134The Third Reich through Documents, 1933-1945 Lecture 10: German Resistance against Hitler 30 April 2013
Fundamentalist approach: Concentrates on elite groups in their organized, brave, high-risk political actions to fight the NS regime Social approach: Concentrates on a number of ‘non-conformities’ between the NS regime and the common man German Resistance against NS ruleTwo approaches in historiography
Active Elite Resistance (I) • Communist Underground Organization ‘Rote Kapelle’ (Red Chapel) • ‘Kreisauer Kreis’ (Kreisau Circle) with Social Democrats, Trade Unionist and Conservatives (James von Moltke) • Protestant and CatholicClergy: Protestant pastorDietrich Bonhoeffer of Protestant Underground ‘Confessing Church’
Active Elite Resistance (II) • Student Group ‘Weisse Rose’ in Munich: Hans and Sophie Scholl • Conspiracy circle and the attempt assassination by Claus Count Schenk von Stauffenberg on 20 July 1944
Passive ‘conflicting areas’ • Workers’ opposition among former SPD-KPD members in Ruhr area cities Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg • Numerous forms of ‘non-conformity’ in daily life • Only a potential danger but no real threat for the NS regime • No active mass resistance