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Risk Assessment – all risks approach

Risk Assessment – all risks approach. John F. Ring BE, Dip.OSH, Dip.SHWW ,Dip.Env.Eng., MIITD, MIFS, MIOSH, Eur Ing C.Eng.MIEI. College Safety Officer, UCC. Application of Risk Assessment. EU/ IRL Legislative Requirement Safety Management Risk Management. The Law & Risk Assessment.

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Risk Assessment – all risks approach

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  1. Risk Assessment – all risks approach John F. Ring BE, Dip.OSH, Dip.SHWW ,Dip.Env.Eng., MIITD, MIFS, MIOSH, Eur Ing C.Eng.MIEI. College Safety Officer, UCC

  2. Application of Risk Assessment • EU/ IRL Legislative Requirement • Safety Management • Risk Management

  3. The Law & Risk Assessment • A Safety Statement must be based on a completed risk assessment • Risk Assessments must be maintained and up-dated. • HSA Inspectors in Cork require to see Risk Assessments as follows: • Job, room, area, equipment, activity, process basis

  4. Application of Risk Assessment • Risk Management • Relative ranking of various types of risks ( all potential losses) • Prioritise actions. • Prioritise expenditure (via risk and risk reduction benefits) • Safety Management • Prioritise safety action programme. • Rank and prioritise safety audit findings. • Evaluate benefit of accident prevention measures & costings.

  5. Types of Risk Assessment • Quantitative • Scientific studies & measurements • Comparison of results with limit values • Occ. Hygiene, Noise, Structural design, Ergonomics etc. • Qualitative • Semi-scientific or non scientific • Judgement decisions • Professional and personal experiences/ biases. • Codes of Practice

  6. Qualitative Risk Assessment (1) • ‘Decide’ on risk level using judgement, experience and technical knowledge • Low or Medium • High or Very High • Extremely Subjective • Personal and individual variations! • May not be ‘bought in to’ by any medium to large scale organisation

  7. Qualitative Risk Assessment (2) • Use a numerical model to assess risk. • Probability and consequence models • Judgement, technical knowledge and experience required. • Subjectivity remains • A good model reduces personal & individual biases/ variations !! • Could be ‘bought in to’ by any medium to large scale company

  8. Problems with Numerical Models • ‘Every’ risk is either Very High or Low! • Assessments often do not relate to reality! • Results are easily rubbished! • Not seen to be very scientific! • Users may not be considered ‘professional’ • Non- life risks are generally not covered. • How can other risk priorities be compared?

  9. Risk Nomogram in use at UCC • Semi-scientific • Easy to Use • Well received • Risk Assessment by Dept. (devolved) • Little variations in use • Good spread of results • Source: Dr. Hani Raafat of Aston Univ. • Economic, Life and Environment Risk Types (on 1 model) • Graded Consequences • Probability /Frequency • Exposure duration

  10. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani Raafat • Four Types of Risk Consequences • Economic (6 categories) • Personnel (6 categories) • Public and Reaction (6 categories) • Environment (6 categories)

  11. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani RaafatRisk Consequence 1:Economic • Category I < €1 k • Category II < €10 k • Category III < €100 k • Category IV < €1 m • Category V > €1 m • Category VI Total Loss

  12. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani RaafatRisk Consequence 2 :Personnel • Category I : Insignificant • Category II : Minor • Category III : Major • Category IV : Severe • Category V : Fatality • Category VI : Multiple Fatalities

  13. Definitions:Effects on Personnel • Insignificant: No human injury expected or < 3 days lost time • Minor: Injury/ Illness, 3 – 28 or 56 days lost time, full recovery expected. • Major: Injury/Illness, 28 + or 56+ days lost time, or permanent slight incapacity • Severe:Permanent incapacitating injury/ illness.

  14. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani RaafatRisk Consequence 3:Public and Reaction • Category I : Nuisance ( Mild reaction) • Category II : Complaints ( Minor local outcry) • Category III: GP attendances /Complaints ++.) • Category IV: Hospitalisation or Local Media attn • Category V : Serious Injury or National Media attn • Category VI : Fatality or Govt & Media attn

  15. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani RaafatRisk Consequence 4:Environment • Category I : Insignificant • Category II : Temp. Short Term Damage • Category III : Major Pollution • Category IV : Severe Pollution • Category V : Widespread Damage • Category VI : Catastrophic Damage

  16. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani RaafatProbability (Likelihood):Ratings/Experiences • 1 in 10or10 -1 (Frequent) • 1 in 100or 10 -2 (Probable) • 1 in 1,000or 10 -3 (Occasional.) • 1 in 10,000 or 10 -4 (Remote) • 1 in 100,000or 10 -5 (Improbable) • 1 in 1,000,000or 10 -6 (Extremely remote)

  17. Risk Nomogram Dr. Hani RaafatExposure to Hazard:Time (% of 24 hr day) • < 1 % (very rare) • 1 % (rare) • 25 % • 50 % • 75 % • 100 % (continuous)

  18. Tie Line • Frequency Risk Level • Risk Conseq. • Frequent (10 -1 ) • Exposure ( % time) • High (D) • Probable (10 -2 ) • <1% • 1% • VI • V • Substantial (C) • 25% • iv • Occasional(10 -3 ) • 50% • III • 75% • Remote (10 - 4 ) • Moderate (B) 100% • II • I • ( 24 hr day) • Improbable (10 -5 ) • Low (A) • Risk types1 to 4 • Extremely Remote (10 -6 ) Risk Calculator

  19. Life Risk Case Study A ( Risk Type: Staff safety) • Unguarded machine – potential for limb amputation • Regular breakdowns and clogging • untrained operators • No maintenance procedures • 6 hours operation /day = 25% of 24 hr day • Regular accidents

  20. 1 1 Tie Line • Frequency Risk Level • Risk Conseq. • Frequent (10 -1 ) • Exposure ( % time) • High (D) • Probable (10 -2 ) • <1% • 1% • VI • V • Substantial (C) • 25% • iv • Occasional(10 -3 ) • 50% • III • 75% • Remote (10 - 4 ) • Moderate (B) 100% • II • I • ( 24 hr day) • Improbable (10 -5 ) • Low (A) • Risk types1 to 4 • Extremely Remote (10 -6 ) Risk Calculator

  21. Improvement Option 1 • Train staff and provide PPE ( traditional response!) • Same operating hours & machine set up

  22. Tie Line • Frequency Risk Level • Risk Conseq. • Frequent (10 -1 ) • Exposure ( % time) • High (D) • Probable (10 -2 ) • <1% • 1% • VI # 1 • V # 1 • Substantial (C) • 25% • iv • Occasional(10 -3 ) • 50% • III • 75% • Remote (10 - 4 ) • Moderate (B) 100% • II • I • ( 24 hr day) • Improbable (10 -5 ) • Low (A) • Risk types1 to 4 • Extremely Remote (10 -6 ) Risk Calculator

  23. Improvement Option 2 • Train staff and provide PPE has been tried • Consider reducing operating hours to 3 hours per day = 12.5% of a 24 hour day • Retain machine set up ( un-guarded)

  24. Tie Line • Frequency Risk Level • Risk Conseq. • Frequent (10 -1 ) • Exposure ( % time) • High (D) • Probable (10 -2 ) • <1% • 1% • VI • V • Substantial (C) • 25% • iv • Occasional(10 -3 ) # 2 • 50% • III • 75% • Remote (10 - 4 ) • Moderate (B) 100% • II # 2 • I • ( 24 hr day) • Improbable (10 -5 ) • Low (A) • Risk types1 to 4 • Extremely Remote (10 -6 ) Risk Calculator

  25. Improvement Option 3 • Guard the machine / provide appropriate interlocks, emergency shut off devices, power isolation facilities • Introduce maintenance lock off systems and permit to work • Train staff, resume normal hours • Maintain the equipment

  26. Tie Line • Frequency Risk Level • Risk Conseq. • Frequent (10 -1 ) • Exposure ( % time) • High (D) • Probable (10 -2 ) • <1% • 1% • VI • V • Substantial (C) • 25% • iv • Occasional(10 -3 ) • 50% • III • 75% • Remote (10 - 4 ) • Moderate (B) 100% • II • I • ( 24 hr day) • Improbable (10 -5 ) • Low (A) • Risk types1 to 4 • Extremely Remote (10 -6 ) # 3 # 3 Risk Calculator

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