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Antibiotics

Antibiotics. Defination. An antibiotic  is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills  bacteria. So often called as antibacterials. History. The term  antibiotic  was first used in 1942 by  Selman Waksman .

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Antibiotics

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  1. Antibiotics

  2. Defination • Anantibiotic is an agent that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria. So often called as antibacterials.

  3. History • The term antibiotic was first used in 1942 by Selman Waksman. • Penicillin, the first natural antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.

  4. Alexander Fleming

  5. Why we use antibiotics?? • Antibiotics are use to treat infection caused by bacteria and protoza. • Such as :- • Illness. • Stomach infection.

  6. Classification on the basis of action bactericidal bacteriostatic • It kills bacteria directly. • For ex. Penicillin, monobactams, daptomycin, nitrofurantion, cephalosporin, vancomycin, • It prevents them from dividing. • For ex. Sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erthryomycin, trimethoprim

  7. Antibiotics Dose – dependent Time – dependent • Antibiotic effect directly depends on their concentration in the locus of inflammation. • High dose 1 -2 times/24 hour. • Ex. Aminoglycosides • Effectiveness depends upon a period of time, during which concentration in blood overwhelms MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) for a particular causative agent • Ex. Beta- lactames

  8. Antibiotics

  9. Principles to choose • Presence of substantiated indications for prescription of an antibiotic. • Choosing of the most effective and the least toxic drug, intime administration • Introduction of optimal doses with optimal frequency, taking into consideration complexity of the disease • Estimation of duration of treatment • Control after treatment • Monitoring and prophylaxis of negative side effects

  10. Side effects

  11. Antibiotic

  12. Antibiotics Penicillin G Telethromycin • Brand name - Pentids • Used for streptococcal infections, syphilis, andLyme disease • Chemical formula - C16H18N2O4S • Brand name – Ketek • Used for the treatment of Pneumonia • Chemical formula - C43H65N5O10

  13. Penicillium G

  14. Telethromycin

  15. Submitted to – Divyajyoti sir Submitted by – harmanpreet kaur(2951)shonam(2911)lavishA(2961)ZOOLOGY 1ST YEAR 1ST SECTION

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