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1-1 What is Science?

Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. The goal of science is to: Investigate the natural world Explain events in the natural world Use those explanations to make useful predictions. 1-1 What is Science?. Scientists propose explanations

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1-1 What is Science?

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  1. Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. The goal of science is to: Investigate the natural world Explain events in the natural world Use those explanations to make useful predictions. 1-1 What is Science?

  2. Scientists propose explanations that can be tested by examining evidence. Let’s summarize the steps of the Scientific Method: What is Science? Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

  3. Scientists make observations to gather data. Data: Information gathered from observations. What are ways to gather data?? Step 1: Make Observations! Data

  4. Testing your powers of observations…..

  5. OB S • ERVA • T • ION • Can you find the 5 hidden faces?

  6. OBSERVATION • How many horses are present?

  7. There are two types of data: 1) Quantitative: expressed in numbers. Usually by counting or measuring. 2) Qualitative: Descriptive Involves specific characteristics Step 1: Make Observations! Data

  8. Inferences-arelogical interpretations based on prior knowledge. Step 2: Using this data and knowledge you can develop a question!

  9. Step 2: Ask a Question or State the Problem!!! • The problem identifies what you want to find out. • Develop a clearstatement defining the problem. • State the problem in the form of a question??

  10. Hypothesis- A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. Scientists generate a hypothesis by: Using prior knowledge, Making logical inferences (interpretations) Using their creative imagination. Step 3: Hypothesis Hypothesis IMPORTANT: • Hypothesis MUST be testable!!

  11. A Hypothesis should be tested by an experiment in which only 1 variable changes at a time= Controlled Experiment. Controlled Variable: variables that are not changed. Manipulated Variable: variables that are changed. Step 4: Experiment Experiments

  12. With the flu season approaching, we must determine the “safest” sneezing technique which will help reduce the spread of germs. With your BioBuddy: Brainstorm the many ways people sneeze. Choose 2 of the sneezing techniques you discussed and brainstorm an experiment which can be used to determine which sneezing technique best reduces the spread of germs . The Safe Sneeze 1. Identify the control and manipulated variable(s) within your experiment.

  13. As you watch the video please answer the following: Record the control variables of the experiment Record the manipulated variables of the experiment. Is this experiment “scientifically valid”? Why or Why not? Myth Busters

  14. An INDEPENDENT VARIABLE= what is changed within between the control group and experimental group. What did I change?? What did I give the experimental group? The DEPENDENT VARIABLE= the data that is being collected Hypothesis:If you eat carrots then your vision will improve. Control gp: Experimental gp: Independent Variable: Dependent Variable: Step 4: Experiment Independent vs. Dependent Variables

  15. Theory: A welltested explanation. However, no theory is considered a fact! As new evidence is discovered theories may be revised or replaced with a more accurate explanation. THEORY

  16. Practice MAKES PERFECT! Super Bubbles: Patrick & SpongeBob love to blow bubbles! Patrick read an ad that claimed that Super Bubble Soap will produce bubbles that are twice as big as bubbles made with regular bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob made up 2samples of bubble solution. Sample A was made with 5 oz. of Super Bubble Soap &5 oz. of water, while Sample B was made with the 5 oz. of water &5 oz. of regular bubble soap. Patrick &SpongeBob blew 10 bubbles and measured the bubbles diameters. • Calculate the avg. diameter for each solution. •  Super Bubble = ______ cm •  Regular Soap = ________ cm • 1) Which sample is the control group? • 2) Which sample is the experimental group? • 3) What is the independent variable? • 4) What is the dependent variable? • 5) Does the bubble solution work?

  17. Simpsons Controlled Experiment Worksheet 1. Please complete the Simpsons Worksheet. 2. If you have questions please ask your BioBuddy or Mrs. O. 3. When you have finished please work on your hwk.

  18. DIRECTIONS: Number your paper 1 to 11 skipping 2 lines between each number. After each number you are going to put an “a.” and then on the next line a “b.” For each image write (a.) name of the lab equipment (b.) the use of that piece of equipment. Lab Equipment

  19. Lab Equipment 1.

  20. Lab Equipment 2.

  21. Lab Equipment 3.

  22. Lab Equipment 4.

  23. Lab Equipment 5. 6.

  24. Lab Equipment 7.

  25. Lab Equipment 8.

  26. Lab Equipment 9.

  27. Lab Equipment 10.

  28. Lab Equipment 11.

  29. 1) Hazel was investigating how fast it took Gus to react to different sounds. Identify the dependent variable. A) the different sounds B) how fast Gus reacted C) playing the trumpet over and over Assessing Scientific Design B

  30. 2) Nick Foles wanted to see how different types of music affected students' pulse rates. He played different types of music: heavy metal, rap, R&B, alternative, pop, country, and classical music. Identify the dependent variable. A) Nick B) pulse rate C) classical music resulted in the highest pulse rate D) types of music Assessing Scientific Design B

  31. 3) Jeremy Maclin also wanted to see how different types of music affected students' pulse rates. He carried out the same experiment as his friend Nick.--playing different types of music: heavy metal, rap, R&B, alternative, pop, country, and classical music. Identify the independent variable. A) Jeremy B) pulse rate C) classical music resulted in the highest pulse rate D) types of music Assessing Scientific Design D

  32. 4) Beyonce who is usually flawless, blows her nose using Kleenex tissues however her snot keeps leaking through the tissue. She decided she is going to create an experiment to find out if there is something better. What is her control group? A) Beyonce B) amount of tissue C) mass of the snots the tissue can hold D) Kleenex Assessing Scientific Design D

  33. 5) Blue Ivy also blows her nose using Kleenex tissues and just like her mom her snot keeps leaking through the tissue. She decided to carry out the same experiment as her mommy. What is the dependent variable? A) Blue B) type of tissue C) mass of the snots the tissue can hold D) Kleenex Assessing Scientific Design C

  34. 6) Jesse Decker was investigating how fast it took her husband Eric to react to different sounds. Identify the Independent variable. A) different sounds B) how fast Eric reacted C) playing the trumpet over and over D) how much time it took Eric to react Assessing Scientific Design A

  35. Bio= life -0logy = the study of Biology= the study of life. Biologist= someone who uses scientific methods to study living things. 1-3 Studying Life

  36. BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC • Ecosystems are shaped by Biotic (living) & Abiotic (nonliving) factors. • Biotic factor=living parts of an ecosystem. • Abiotic factors= nonliving parts of the ecosystem

  37. Rain CO2 Biotic OR Abiotic • Moss • Temperature • Rabbit • Bacteria • Sunlight • Mushrooms • Oxygen • Rocks • Cricket • Grass

  38. Background Chapter 1 Characteristics of Life •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2. 8. 4. 7. 1. 5. Need for materials and energy Grow and Develop Maintaining internal balance Made up of Cells 3. 6. Reproduction Evolution Based on genetic code Response to environment

  39. LIVING THINGS SHARE THE FOLLOWING 8 CHARACTERISTICS: 1.) Living things are made up of units called cells. 2.) Living things reproduce. (two types) 3.) Living things are based on a genetic code. 4.) Living things develop and grow. 5.) Living things obtain and use materials and energy. (metabolism) 6.) Living things respondto their environment. 7.) Living things maintain a stable internal environment. (Homeostasis) 8.) As a group living things change over time(Evolve) DR. G. CHEER Characteristics of Living Things

  40. Acellis the smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive. Unicellular organisms- living things that consist of only a single cell. Multicellular organisms- consist of 2 or more cells. #1 Made up of Cells

  41. #2 All organisms produce new organisms (offspring) reproduction. Two types of reproduction: 1) Sexual reproduction: two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of the new organism. Offspring differ from their parents in some ways. 2) Asexual reproduction: new organism has a single parent. Offspring and parents have the same traits. REPRODUCTION

  42. Organisms store the information they need to live, grow & reproduce in a genetic code in a molecule called (DNA). Asexual= offspring is identical to parent. Sexual= offspring is different from parent #3 Based on a Genetic Code

  43. Growth can occur by increasing the size of a single cell or increasing the number of cells. Development is all of the changes that take place during the life of an organism. Differentiation- cells produced look different and perform different functions. #4 Growth & Development

  44. Organisms take in energy and transform it. Need constant supply of materials and energy to grow, develop, and reproduce. Metabolism= the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out life processes. The way organisms obtain energy varies. What are ways living things obtain energy? #5 Need for Material & Energy

  45. A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. #6 Respond to their Environment **External stimuli = signal comes from outside the organism **Internal stimuli = signal comes from inside the organism

  46. Even though conditions in the external environment (outside the organsism) vary widely, the internal conditions of most organisms stay fairly constant. The process by which they do this is called homeostasis. A breakdown in homeostasis can result in disease or even death. Example: A thermostat in your home maintains a constant temperature in your home. • Maintain a stable Internal Environment #7

  47. Evolution= when a group of organisms change over time through the process of evolution. Over many generations, groups of organisms typicallyevolve. Adaptation= an inherited structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspring. #8 • Living things change over time.

  48. LIVING THINGS SHARE THE FOLLOWING 8 CHARACTERISTICS: 1.) Living things are made up of units called cells. 2.) Living things reproduce. (two types) 3.) Living things are based on a genetic code. 4.) Living things develop and grow. 5.) Living things obtain and use materials and energy. 6.) Living things respondto their environment. 7.) Living things maintain a stable internal environment. (Homeostasis) 8.) As a group living things change over time(Evolve) DR. G. CHEER Characteristics of Living Things

  49. Biology is divided into different fields based on the types of organisms being studied. MOLECULES Branches of Biology CELLS Groups of Cells ORGANISMS • Living things may be studied on different levels: POPULATIONS COMMUNITY ECOSYSTEM BIOSPHERE

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