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Chemistry Fundamentals: Matter Properties & Changes

Explore the basics of chemistry, including properties of matter and changes it undergoes. Learn about chemical reactions, states of matter, physical properties, and classifying matter as pure substances or mixtures. Discover examples and evidence of chemical reactions.

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Chemistry Fundamentals: Matter Properties & Changes

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  1. Chemistry Chapter 1 Pages 2 - 35

  2. What is Chemistry • Properties of matter and changes of matter • Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

  3. Chemical • Any substance that has a definite composition • Always made of the same stuff in exactly the same proportions • Examples: H2O, NaCl, C12H22O11 • All around us

  4. Chemical reactions • Changes in chemicals • Ex: things growing, food cooking, taking a photo (film) • We use reactions to produce chemicals • Ex: plastics, acids

  5. States of Matter • Solid, Liquid, Gas • What is the difference between ice, water, steam? • Solid • Definite shape, definite volume • Liquid • No definite shape, definite volume • Gas • No definite shape, no definite volume

  6. Physical properties • Properties that can be measured or observed without changing it’s identity • Length, mass, color, odor, density, boiling point, melting point

  7. Changes of Matter • Matter can change • Ice melts, water fogs a mirror, bike spokes rust, red clothes fade, milk sours • 2 types of changes

  8. Physical Changes • A change in which the identity of a substance does not change • Change physical properties • Melting, freezing, dissolving, crushing, boiling

  9. Chemical Changes • Also called a chemical reaction • Things turn into something new • 2 parts of a chemical reaction • Reactants – things that react • Products – things that are produced

  10. Chemical Reaction Reactant + Reactant  Product + Product Propane + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water

  11. Evidence of a chemical reaction • 1 of 4 things must happen • A gas is produced • Formation of a precipitate • Release of heat and light • Color change

  12. Classifying Matter • All matter is made of atoms • There are 115 kinds of atoms • Matter is either a pure substance or a mixture

  13. Pure Substance • 2 Types • Can it be separated? • Yes, it is a compound • H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6, H2SO4 • No, it is an element • H, O, Na, Au, Pb

  14. Mixtures • 2 Types • Is it all the same? • Yes, it is a homogeneous mixture • Tap water, air, apple juice • No, it is a heterogeneous mixture • Salt/pepper, orange juice, choc chip cookie

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