1 / 17

Dialogue: Openings and Closings

Explore the dynamics of conversational openings and closings, including the structure of greetings and farewells in human-computer interactions. Understand how dialogue management systems handle discourse nuances and improve user experience. Discover the importance of accommodation in communication styles and why saying "goodbye" matters in interactions. Dive into the realm of autonomous avatars and their role in animating dialogue gestures and expressions.

robertwhite
Download Presentation

Dialogue: Openings and Closings

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Dialogue: Openings and Closings CS 359 Discourse and Dialogue November 1, 2001

  2. Discourse & Dialogue Structure • Attentional • Informational • What is being talked about • Intentional • What purposes underlie discourse • Control shifts in topic • Ordering: Dominance, satisfaction-precedence

  3. Dialogue Management Systems • Control interaction between user and system • Model intentional structure • Finite-state: fixed sequence, elicit required info • Frame-based: Flexible sequence, elicit some info • Agent-based: Mixed initiative • Interpret utterance in context of task goals • Track shifts in attentional structure

  4. Agenda: Dialogue Dynamics • Motivation: • Conversational endings in HCI • Needing to say goodbye • Conversational openings/closings • Key components of human-human greetings • Signaling closings • Improving human-computer interaction • Accommodation • Saying goodbye • Animating openings and closings

  5. Dialogue Management Systems • Implicit handling of dynamics of discourse • Simplified set of conversational conventions • Openings: • System: Mouse click, phone call, broadcast • Human: Call, complex set of gaze, signal, etc • Closings: • System: hangup, exit, goodbye • Human: Exchange farewells - “hangup’ -> rude • Turns: • System: barge-in, silence; Human: no silence, ..

  6. Saying ‘Goodbye’ • SpeechActs • Voice-only telephone access to desktop apps • E..g. e-mail, calendar, stocks, weather • User initiative • Conversational, frame-based • Users consistently say ‘goodbye’ at end • Persist even with multiple recognition errors • Why not just hang up?

  7. Goodbye Sequence

  8. Openings and Closings • Basic structure of human-human interactions • Closings • Openings • Greetings • Telephone sequences

  9. Closings • Conversational structure: • (Usually) speak one at a time • Speaker change recurs • Closing: Conversants simultaneously arrive at point where completion is neither new turn or silence. Suspend transition relevance. • Terminal adjacency pair: • Show understanding, willingness to comply • No slot to reply: perceived as rude

  10. Openings: Face-to-Face Greeting • Pre-phase: Sighting: Gaze, Ready to interact • Distance salutation: Establish plan to greet • Head toss (with call and/or raised eyebrows) • Head lower (response to toss), Nod, Wave • Approach: Orient - Glance at,away, back • Body cross, groom • Final: Smile, change headset, palm position • Close salutation: Distinct location, orient’n • Halt, face, shift to end: handshake/embrace

  11. Openings: Telephone • Observation: • Answerer speaks first; afterward alternate turns • Explanation: Summons-Answer Analysis • Phone ring: Summons • Pickup+Hello: Answer • Pickup establishes presence; Hello availability • Prelude to future conversation • Rude to say ‘oh, nothing’ • Open for question+answer by caller

  12. Accommodation of Style • BT study (1976) • Users accommodate to system speaking style • Terse system -> terse user • Polite system -> polite user • Verbose system -> verbose user • Control user speaking style with prompt style • E.g. “Destination city” - > “Chicago” vs • AT&T: How may I help you? -> • Hi, well, I’m calling ‘cause there’s this number that I don’t recognize on my bill...

  13. Saying ‘Goodbye’ • Why people don’t just hang up • Conversational norms require: • Closing adjacency pairs • Second goodbye signals understanding, willingness • Failure to allow reply, hanging up; ‘Rude’ • Users adhere to norms • Even to their detriment • Say goodbye until confirmed by system

  14. Animating Openings/Closings • Autonomous avatars • Represent participants in virtual world • Typically random gesture or lip sync • User controls text broadcast • Goal: Execute largely unconscious gestures of dialog • Interest/availability for conversation • Emphasis • Closing, attenntion shift

  15. Animating Avatars • Approach/Initiation: • Wlllingness to chat: SustainedGlance, Smile • Distance Salutation: Look, HeadRoss/Nod,Wave, • Close Salutation: Look, Nod, Embrace, • Chat: Look, Nod, Raise eyebrows • BreakAway: GlanceAround • Leaving: Look, Nod, Wave

  16. User Reactions • Autonomous avatars: • More natural than manual, both, none • More expressive than manual • No better sense of control/expressiveness than none • All ‘fun’

  17. Closings and Openings • Conversational norms very powerful • Expect certain behaviors in open/close • Even with sysem • Closings require mutual consent • Cooperative • Openings: • Summons-Answer view: Good match for phone • Automatic Gesture/Gaze: More natural

More Related