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Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence

33. Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence. Military Responses: Dictatorships and Revolutions. Anwar Sadat negotiations with Israel Hosni Mubarak. The Middle East in the Cold War Era. The Indian Alternative: Development for Some of the People. Indian National Congress

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Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence

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  1. 33 Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence

  2. Military Responses: Dictatorships and Revolutions • Anwar Sadat • negotiations with Israel • Hosni Mubarak

  3. The Middle East in theCold War Era

  4. The Indian Alternative: Development for Some of the People • Indian National Congress • social reform • economic development • democracy • civil rights • Jawaharlal Nehru • Green Revolution • private investment

  5. Delayed Revolutions: Religious Revivalism and Liberation Movements in Settler Societies • Iran: Religious Revivalism and the Rejection of the West • Pahlavi shahs • modernization • alienates religious leaders • overthrown by Khomeini, 1978 • Ayatollah Khomeini • similar to Mahdi

  6. Delayed Revolutions: Religious Revivalism and Liberation Movements in Settler Societies • Iran: Religious Revivalism and the Rejection of the West • Radical reform • Sharia law • opposition suppressed • women more restricted • War with Iraq • 1988, peace

  7. Comparisons of Emerging Nations • Patterns • some reflect traditions • depends on continuity of native culture

  8. Global Connections: Postcolonial Nations in the Cold War World Order • New nations • Understandable difficulties • Many more or less artificial • Difficult to find a place in the world economy • Challenge of finding local solutions to problems

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