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The Participle and the Participial Phrase

The Participle and the Participial Phrase. What is a Participle?. Looks like a verb – a “verby” looking word Ends in –ing or –ed (some irregularly formed…known) Behaves as an adjective in the sentence Modifies nouns and pronouns. What Does a Participle Look Like?.

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The Participle and the Participial Phrase

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  1. The Participle and the Participial Phrase

  2. What is a Participle? • Looks like a verb – a “verby” looking word • Ends in –ing or –ed (some irregularly formed…known) • Behaves as an adjective in the sentence • Modifies nouns and pronouns

  3. What Does a Participle Look Like? EX: Leaping the fence, the cat surprised me. Leaping looks like a verb, but it really describes the cat. Surprised is the verb. EX: Defeated teams should congratulate the winners. Defeated looks like a verb, but it is an adjective that describes teams.

  4. Your Turn To Identify Participles- • A peeled and sliced cucumber needs to be added to the salad. • Look for –ing and –ed words • Decide if the words act as adjectives or verbs • Those acting as adjectives are participles

  5. Your Turn To Identify Participles- • A peeled and sliced cucumber needs to be added to the salad. • Peeled describes cucumber…adjective, thus a participle • Sliced describes cucumber…adjective, thus a participle • Needs is the action of the sentence…verb

  6. What is a Participial Phrase? • It begins with the participle (-ing or –ed word acting as an adjective) and also contains other related words…prepositional phrase, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs

  7. What Does a Participial Phrase Look Like? • Outwitting the hounds, the raccoons easily escaped. • Outwitting is the participle…describes raccoons • The hounds relates to outwitting…tells what was outwitted • Outwitting the hounds is the participial phrase • It tells more information about the raccoons

  8. What Does a Participial Phrase Look Like? • I saw her fishing contentedly. • Fishing is the participle…describes her • Contentedly is related to fishing…describes how she was fishing • Fishing contentedly is the participle phrase

  9. Your Turn To Identify Participial Phrases- • Tackled on the one-yard line, Sam fumbled the ball. • Look for –ing and –ed words • Decide if the words act as adjectives or verbs • Those acting as adjectives are participles and begin the participial phrase • Identify the related words which make up the phrase

  10. Your Turn To Identify Participial Phrases- • Tackled on the one-yard line, Sam fumbled the ball. • Tackled describes what happened to Sam…adjective, thus participle • On the one-yard line is related to tackled… tells where Sam was tackled • Fumbled tells what Sam did…verb

  11. Participial Phrases and Commas- • Sentences which begin with a participial phrase always have a comma at the end of the participial phrase • Wildly cheering for the team, we celebrated the victory.

  12. What Are You Expected To Do With Participial Phrases? • Be able to locate and identify participial phrases in sentences • Be able to use participial phrases in your own writing to modify and enhance your thoughts, along with adding variety to your sentence beginnings

  13. So, What’s a dangling participle? • A dangling participle does not describe the subject of the sentence. For example: • DANGLING: Thrown into the air, the dog chased after the stick. • CORRECT: Thrown into the air, the stick flew away from the dog. • As the first sentence is written, it says that the dog, not the stick, was thrown into the air. Since the phrase does not describe the subject it is a dangling participial phrase.

  14. More Examples • DANGLING: Driving home in the storm, a branch nearly fell on my car. • CORRECT: Driving home in the storm, I watched as a branch nearly fell on my car. • DANGLING: Watching the play, the actors enthralled the audience. • CORRECT: Watching the play, the audience was enthralled by the actors.

  15. A Helpful Hint • When you use a present participle, the subject of the sentence should be doing the action described in the participial phrase. • When you write a past participle, the subject of the sentence should receive the action of the participle.

  16. FIND THE PARTICIPIAL PHRASES IN THESE CORRECT SENTENCES. • Flying from flower to flower, the bee made its way through the field. • Shown in theatres everywhere, the movie set a new box office record. • Painting a picture, the artist lost track of time. • Left home alone by his parents, Johnny stayed up later than usual.

  17. FIGURE OUT HOW TO CORRECT THESE SENTENCES WITH DANGLING PARTICIPIAL PHRASES • Surrounded by Secret Service, the crowd could barely see the President. • Walking along the beach, the waves crashed at my feet. • Catching the ball, the last out caused a celebration. • Dropped from the table, the chair stopped the fork from hitting the floor.

  18. PRACTICE • Now try creating a sentence of your own that uses a present participial phrase. • Now try creating a sentence of your own that uses a past participial phrase.

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