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The Phrase

(You’ll need to know these like the back of your hand for Comp next year, so pay attention) Pg 66-79…. The Phrase. A phrase is a group of related words that does not have a subject or a predicate; instead it functions as a part of speech.

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The Phrase

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  1. (You’ll need to know these like the back of your hand for Comp next year, sopay attention)Pg 66-79…

  2. The Phrase A phrase is a group of related words that does not have a subject or a predicate; instead it functions as a part of speech. There are five phrase types: prepositional, appositives, participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

  3. Prepositional Phrases • Consists of three parts: preposition, its object, and any (if any) modifiers. • Prepositions are found on page 23 of your text. • Prepositional phrase always starts with a preposition, and always ends with the object of the preposition • Ex. Star Wars is the best movie in the world. Object of the Preposition Preposition

  4. Two Types of Prep. Phrases • Adjective Prepositional Phrase: a prep. phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun. • Ex. Luke Skywalker is the best hero in the galaxy. • Adverb Prepositional Phrase: a prep. phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb. • Ex. Luke Skywalker is strong in the force.

  5. Examples • Luke Skywalker was raised on a moisture farm. • He used to practice shooting wamprats with his T-16. • Luke wanted to go with Obi-wan Kenobi to rescue Princess Leia from the Death Star. • Luke and Obi-wan had to hitch a ride from Han Solo in the Millennium Falcon. • Luke has a lightsaber with a blue blade.

  6. Appositive Phrases • An appositive is a noun or pronoun that identifies or renames another noun or pronoun. • Ex. After Luke blew up the Death Star, the Rebellion moved their base to the ice-planet Hoth. • There are two types of appositives: essential and nonessential. • Nonessential appositives are always set off by commas. • Ex. Luke’s sister, Leia, secretly has the hots for Han Solo.

  7. Examples • Han Solo flies his ship, the MillenniumFalcon, to try to escape from the Empire. • Luke goes to the planet Dagobah to find the old Jedi Master Yoda. • Han Solo eventually goes to find his old friend Lando Calrissian. • Lando owns his own floating city, Cloud City.

  8. Verbals • A verbal is a word that looks like a verb but acts like something else, such as a noun, adjective, or adverb • There are three types of verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives. • A verbal phrase consists of the verbal, any modifiers, and any complements

  9. Participle Phrases • A participle looks like a verb, but acts like an adjective • Participles come in two forms: past and present • Ex. Saving his own butt, Lando turns Han Solo over to Darth Vader. • Participles can be removed from a sentence, and the sentence will still make sense.

  10. Examples • Valued for his knowledge of the force, Yoda teaches Luke some neat tricks. • Driven by the Emperor, Darth Vader sets a trap for Luke. • Wanting to save his friends, Luke goes to Cloud City, floating in the sky. • Battling Darth Vader, Luke learns the terrible truth about his father.

  11. Gerund Phrases • A gerund looks like a verb but acts like a noun. • A gerund ALWAYS ends in –ing. • Ex. Luke tried escaping Darth Vader by jumping into the abyss. • Like a noun, a gerund can act in many ways: (memorize this list) subject, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative, object of the preposition

  12. Examples • Looking for Han Solo is the reason that Luke goes back to Tatooine. • After freeing Han Solo, the Rebels try sneaking on the Imperial bas on Endor. • The result of doing so was that Luke was captured by Darth Vader, again. • This time, however, Darth Vader ends up taking Luke to see the Emperor.

  13. Infinitive Phrases • An infinitive is a verb form that ALWAYS starts with the words “to” + “verb” that acts like a noun, adjective, or adverb • Ex. To wipe out the Rebellion, the Emperor sets a trap for the Rebel fleet.

  14. Examples • To turn Luke to the dark side of the force is the Emperor’s intention. • Luke tries to kill the Emperor, but Darth Vader stops him. • Eventually, to save his dark soul Darth Vader turns on the Emperor and save his son, Luke, from certain death. • Escaping the Emperor’s trap the Rebel fleet is able to fly into the Death Star to knock out its main reactor.

  15. Placement of Phrases • When a phrases is acting as a modifier, the phrase must be placed near the word it modifies in order to avoid confusion (called a misplaced modifier). • Also, make sure the word being modified is in the sentence (called a dangling modifier). • Ex. Lando Clarissian blew up the Death Star in the MillenniumFalcon.

  16. Examples • Some people think that Star Trek is better than Star Wars, called “Trekkies.” • Using faulty logic, claims could be made that the Enterprise could defeat a Star Destroyer. • This crazy idea never really caught on with normal people, making sense only to “Trekkies.”

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