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Vehicle Rescue and Extrication

Vehicle Rescue and Extrication. 25. Objectives (1 of 2). Describe the vehicle anatomy. List the hazards involved in responding to an emergency scene. List the hazards to look for when arriving on the scene of a vehicle extrication situation. Describe cribbing. 25. Objectives (2 of 2).

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Vehicle Rescue and Extrication

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  1. Vehicle Rescue and Extrication

  2. 25 Objectives (1 of 2) • Describe the vehicle anatomy. • List the hazards involved in responding to an emergency scene. • List the hazards to look for when arriving on the scene of a vehicle extrication situation. • Describe cribbing.

  3. 25 Objectives (2 of 2) • Describe the extrication tools that are used for stabilizing, bending, cutting, and disassembling. • Describe how to gain access to the victim.

  4. 25 Introduction • Beginning fire fighters must understand the process of extrication. • Should have some proficiency in extrication skills • Most fire departments are involved in some part of the extrication process. • Members of special rescue teams should complete a course in rescue techniques.

  5. 25 Conventional Vehicles • Majority of vehicles on the road • Use internal combustion engines • Burn gasoline or diesel fuel • Hazards • Fuel leaks • Short circuits • Battery acid leaks

  6. 25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (1 of 2) • Powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) • Cylinders usually in truck, but can be in any convenient location • City buses and other fleet vehicles • Identified by CNG sticker mounted on front and back of vehicle

  7. 25 Alternative-Powered Vehicles (2 of 2) • After crash, cylinders or fuel lines could be damaged. • CNG could escape. • Threat of BLEVE

  8. 25 Electric-Powered Vehicles • Propelled by electric motor powered by batteries • Contains a large number of batteries • Hazards • Large amount of energy stored in batteries • Potential electrical shorts • Leakage from damaged batteries • Voltage higher then 12-volt car battery

  9. 25 Hybrid Vehicles • Use battery-powered electric motors and a gasoline-powered engine • Electric power used at low speed, gas power at high speed • When stopped at a traffic light, both sources of power turn off. • Car said to be hibernating • Hazards posed are same as gas- and electric-powered vehicles.

  10. 25 Vehicle Anatomy (1 of 2) • The front of the vehicle is where the hood is and travels down the road first. • The rear of the car is where the trunk sits and goes down the road last.

  11. 25 Vehicle Anatomy (2 of 2) • The left side of the car • On your left as you sit in the vehicle • In the United States and Canada, the driver’s seat is on the left side of the vehicle. • The right side of the vehicle is where the passenger’s seat is located. • Always refer to left and right as they relate to the vehicle.

  12. 25 Vehicle Posts • Connect the body of the car to the roof of the car and are structural supports • “A” post is located nearest the front of the vehicle. • “B” post is located between the front and rear doors. • “C” post is located behind the rear doors.

  13. 25 Bulkhead • Divides the engine compartment from the passenger compartment • The passenger compartment includes the front and back seats. • Sometimes called the occupant cage or occupant compartment

  14. 25 Platform Frame • Platform frame uses beams to fabricate the load-bearing frame. • The engine, transmission, and body components connect to the frame. • Provides a sound place for stabilizing the vehicle and an anchor point for attaching cables or extrication tools

  15. 25 Unibody Frame • Unibody seen in most modern cars • Combines the vehicle frame and body into a single component • Allows manufacturers to develop lighter weight vehicles • Remember that unibody vehicles do not have the frame rails in platform frame vehicles.

  16. 25 Respond to the Scene • Safe response includes: • Picking the best route of travel for the time of day • Driving in a safe manner • Knowing limits of your vehicle • Keeping seatbelts fastened • Evaluating the dispatch information • Listening carefully for any direction

  17. 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (1 of 3) • Determine where to locate your emergency vehicle. • Take into account the safety of emergency workers, the victims, and the motorists. • Do not hesitate to request the road to be closed.

  18. 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (2 of 3) • Use large emergency vehicles to provide a barrier for motorists who fail to heed emergency warning lights. • Place apparatus at an angle to the crash. • Traffic cones or flares can be placed to direct motorists away from the crash.

  19. 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Traffic Hazards (3 of 3) • Fire fighters need to be visible at a crash scene. • PPE should be bright. • PPE used at night needs to be equipped with reflective material. • Be alert for any vehicles that might cause you injury. • Do not assume that motorists will always heed your warning lights. • IC should perform a size-up.

  20. 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Fire Hazards • Look for spilled fuels and other flammable hazards. • Look for the presence of fire. • Fire may trap the vehicle occupants and require suppression.

  21. 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Electrical and Other Hazards • Electrical hazards • Look for downed or damaged power lines. • Other hazards • Environmental • Rain, sleet, ice or snow can pose a hazard to rescue workers. • Crashes that occur on hills are harder to stabilize. • Be aware of the possibility of hazardous materials.

  22. 25 Arrival and Size-Up: Other Hazards • Look for the presence of infectious bodily fluids. • Sharp edges and objects should be identified and when possible covered or removed. • Watch out for violent behavior by vehicle occupants. • Family pets may react protectively when rescuers attempt to gain access to their owner.

  23. 25 Stabilize the Scene • Consists of reducing, removing, or mitigating the hazards at the scene. • The order in which hazards are stabilized depends on the specific scene conditions and the amount of risk each hazard poses.

  24. 25 Traffic Hazards • Traffic must be slowed or stopped as motorists approach the scene of an emergency. • Traffic hazards are best handled by the appropriate law enforcement agency. • Work with law enforcement officials to control traffic in a safe manner. • If law enforcement is not on the scene, verify that they have been dispatched.

  25. 25 Fire Hazards (1 of 2) • It should be SOP to advance a charged hose line close to a damaged vehicle. • At least a 1.5" hose should be staffed by a fire fighter in PPE. • Hose line can provide protection for rescuers and victims of the crash.

  26. 25 Fire Hazards (2 of 2) • Crashes that pose large fire hazards or actual fires may require additional fire suppression resources. • Small fuel spills can be handled by using an absorbent material to remove the fuel from the area around the damaged vehicle.

  27. 25 Electrical Hazards • Disconnecting the vehicle’s power source should be done following your local SOP. • Downed power lines should be handled by the power company. • Do not approach a vehicle and do not let a victim leave the vehicle until the electricity has been controlled.

  28. 25 Other Hazards • Heat and cold should be dealt with. • Ensure adequate lighting at night. • Prevent slips and falls on wet and icy surfaces. • Wear proper PPE to reduce the risk of injury from sharp objects and infectious bodily fluids. • Remove animals from the scene.

  29. 25 Cribbing • Used to stabilize a vehicle • Lengths of wood used to prevent a vehicle from moving backward and forward • After cribbing has been placed, a vehicle can still move.

  30. 25 Step Blocks • Shaped like stair steps and are placed under the side of the vehicle • Place one step block toward the front of the vehicle and a second step block toward the rear of the vehicle.

  31. 25 Box Crib • Standard cribbing can be used to form a box crib. • Place cribbing at right angles to the preceding layer of cribbing.

  32. 25 Vehicle Stabilization • A vehicle on its side or roof is very unstable. • Can be stabilized using box cribs or step blocks on each end of the vehicle

  33. 25 Wedges • Used to snug up loose cribbing or when using lift airbags • Should be the same size width as the cribbing with the taper end no less than 0.25" thick

  34. 25 Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Pneumatic-filled bladders made of rubber or synthetic material • Used to lift or spread • NEVER use alone to shore or stabilize • Always use cribbing when using rescue lift airbags.

  35. 25 Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Often used to lift a vehicle or object off a victim • Use extreme caution when using rescue lift airbags. • Adhere to all the safety precautions in the owner’s manual. • Cribbing must be used in conjunction with rescue lift airbags. • Top layer of cribbing should be solid underneath the rescue lift airbag.

  36. 25 Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • Should not be used without properly blocking the wheels • This is a safety precaution in case of a catastrophic failure of a rescue lift airbag. • Rescue lift airbags can fail as they age. • They should be tested according to manufacturer’s recommendations. • After ten years, they have generally reached their useful life.

  37. 25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (1 of 3) • Low-pressure airbags • Often used in recovery operations and sometimes used by departments for vehicle rescue operations • Come in many shapes and sizes; but square airbags offer greater stability. • Can be less stable until fully inflated as compared to high-pressure airbags

  38. 25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (2 of 3) • Medium-pressure airbags • Have either two or three cells inside their design • Best when used in aircraft or truck rescue

  39. 25 Three Types of Rescue Lift Airbags (3 of 3) • High-pressure airbags • Most common airbags used by the fire service for rescue work • Heavily constructed • Generally made of vulcanized rubber mats that are reinforced by steel or other material woven into a fiber mat and covered with rubber

  40. 25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (1 of 2) • Use four techniques • Stabilize • Stabilize by using cribbing • Bend, distort, or displace • Bending a vehicle door back to get it out of the way

  41. 25 Principles of Gaining Access and Disentangling the Victim (2 of 2) • Cut or sever • Cutting a roof • Disassemble • Removing a vehicle door by unbolting the door hinges

  42. 25 Tools Used in Extrication (1 of 5) • Stabilizing tools • Cribbing • Rescue lift airbags • Step blocks • Be certain that they are placed firmly under the vehicle and that vehicle is stable before attempting to enter it.

  43. 25 Tools Used in Extrication (2 of 5) • Bending tools • Hand tools such as pry axe, short pry bars, long pry bars, and Halligan tools • Can be used to bend sheet metal • Power tools such as hydraulic rams and hydraulic spreaders

  44. 25 Tools Used in Extrication (3 of 5) • Cutting tools • Hand tools used for cutting are axes, bolt cutters, cable cutters, hacksaws, and manual hydraulic cutters. • Use the power tool to cut the proper material. • Power tools for cutting can be powered by air, electricity, or hydraulics. • Some examples are air chisels, rotary or reciprocating saws, hydraulic cutters.

  45. 25 Tools Used in Extrication (4 of 5) • Air chisels can cut metal posts. • Hydraulic cutter can cut through the roof posts of a vehicle.

  46. 25 Tools Used in Extrication (5 of 5) • Tools for disassembling • Mechanic’s tools such as wrenches and screwdrivers • Specialized equipment includes the come along.

  47. 25 Gain Access to the Victim • Open the door. • Easiest and simplest way to gain access • Try all doors even if they appear badly damaged. • Make sure door is unlocked and try the door with the least damage first. • Try the outside and inside handles at the same time if possible.

  48. 25 Break Tempered Glass (1 of 3) • Consider breaking a window if victim’s condition is serious and doors will not open. • Do not try to break and enter through the windshield. • Made of laminated windshield glass • Difficult to break

  49. 25 Break Tempered Glass (2 of 3) • Side and rear windows are made of tempered glass. • Will easily break into small pieces • Can be your primary access route • If possible break a window away from the victim to avoid further injury. • After breaking glass, use a gloved hand to remove as much of the broken glass as possible to avoid injuring rescuers.

  50. 25 Break Tempered Glass (3 of 3) • Aim for a low corner if using something other than a spring-loaded punch. • When the window is broken and glass removed, try to unlock door. • Breaking the rear window will sometimes provide an opening large enough to enable a rescuer to gain access to the victim.

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