Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?

1. Why had international peace collapsed by 1939? 

2. Statistics of World War IIIncluding the European and Pacific Theaters Just figures?

7. 3.1 War in Europe Key issues/Content • Could war in Europe be avoided? Re-armament Protectionism and economic cooperation Hitler’s foreign policy 1933-39 Appeasement policy Failure of the League of Nations in 1930s

8. What you need to answer? • extent to which peace was challenged in Europe in the 1930s • analyze the reasons for the onset of World War II in Europe • Source based!

9. Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles (1919) reads in full: • "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.

10. The act of laying down arms, especially the reduction or abolition of a nation's military forces and armaments. The condition of being disarmed.

11. How did the world WAR?Disarmament failure • Disarming hard – even now • Distrust – remained after WW1 peace settlements • LON’s attempts failed

12. How did the world WAR?Disarmament failure (see pg 119) How did the world WAR?

13. How did the world WAR?Disarmament failure (see pg 119)

14. How did the world WAR?Disarmament failure We can only hope for a favorable outcome in this most vital conference if the meeting is prepared for exhaustively in this way by advance discussions in order that surprises shall be made impossible, and if, through honest good will, an atmosphere of mutual confidence and trust can be effectively created in advance. • 1932 LON’s Disarmament Conference failed • Why? • Fixed aims and suspicious

15. Investigating the Past page 119 • 1. Sheep. Sheep are used to represent common people because they are supposed to • be not too smart and act altogether, as a flock. • 2. Crocodile, tiger, jackal: all predators. • 3. The crocodile is talking and crying. The phrase ‘crocodile tears’ refers to unreal • tears; it suggests a person is pretending. Sheep are not war-like – predators are. The • governments are suggesting that it is the fault of the people that the Geneva • Conference failed. The speaker is pushing the blame of the failure of the Geneva • Conference to the people with `warlike passions’.

16. How did the world WAR?Europe divided – democratic vs authoritarian • 1930s rise of authoritarian regimes in Europe  tensions • Feared spread of communism • Why?  Fear discontented workers  communist revolts

17. Communism emerged as a "a hypothetical stage of socialism, as formulated by Marx, Engels, Lenin and others, to be characterized by a utopian classless and stateless society and the equal distribution of economic goods and to be achieved by revolutionary and dictatorial, rather than gradualistic, means" (Webster's New World Dictionary). Communism is proudly atheistic and seeks to liberate mankind from superstition and "spiritual bondage."

18. How did the world WAR?Europe divided – democratic vs authoritarianDiffering attitudes towards authoritarian regimes

19. Investigating the Past page 121 • 1. (a) A year at most • (b) Before • 2. (a) Reclaiming the land taken away in the Treaty of Versailles • (b) He’s got an army and the ‘off to Versailles’ suggests he is going to fix things • that he thought went wrong there. • 3. The artist wants to warn about Hitler’s war-like intentions.

20. How did the world WAR?Rearmament • Germany • Hitler left Disarmament Conference 1933 • Germany left LON • 1934 – More weapons made, troops recruited • 1935 – Anglo-German Naval Agreement; Reorganisation of armed forces • 1936 Spanish civil war – showed world power of German forces VCD –start at 7 -15 mins

22. How did the world WAR?Protectionism • Taxes for foreign imported goods so that people would buy goods produced in their own countries • Economic alliances formed political alliances • Exclusive trade links

23. How did the world WAR?Protectionism • Why? • Great Depression • Rise of authoritarian regimes – autarky • Lack of trust

24. How did the world WAR?Forming alliances • Hitler’s plan – alliances to make countries feel safe  invasion plan • Eg: Friendship Treaty with Poland 1934 • Pacts with Hitler and Mussolini

26. How did the world WAR?Forming alliances – Egs of types • Limited support in war • Full support in war • Vague “friendly agreements” • Nazi-Soviet Pact • Anti-Comintern Pact • Non-Aggression Pact

27. Hitler’s Foreign Policy • 24 points (see pg 126) • Clearly stated that if Nazis gained power • German territorial expansion • War VCD- 16 mins

28. Lebensraum – living space for Aryan race Racism?

29. Hitler’s steps towards War • Did not openly state aims • Hitler’s official stand? • Wanted to put right the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles • Germany did not want war…Is this true? • How do we know? • See pg 127

30. Investigating the Past page 127 • 1. (a) Boss of the Universe • (b) He means world ruler • (c) He is trying to be amusing and suggest that Hitler’s desire has no limit • 2. He’s rearmed; militarised the Rhineland and taken Danzig • 3. ‘Spineless leaders of democracy’ – the world powers who were not stopping him.

31. Berlin Olympics…warning!!! • Germany host of 1936 Olympics • Propaganda – why? • Did it work? • Hitler’s true feelings shown http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXIe5GbLSUs

32. Policy of Appeasement • Neville Chamberlain – who? • Aim: to avoid war with Hitler – give in to demands • Why avoid war? • WW 1 • Many felt TOV unfair • French Maginot Line •  accepted German rearmament • * SBQ

33. Investigating the Past page 132 • 1. All the re-arming • 2. War

35. Appeasement • Anglo-German Naval Agreement • Munich Agreement 1938 • Hitler got Sudentenland if he promised to end territorial expansion • Did it work? 14.39- 15.39

36. After Munich • Mar 1939 Czechoslavakia invasion •  showed Britain and France – no hope for appeasement VCD- 1940

37. Nazi-Soviet relationshipNazi-Soviet Pact • Poland divided Sep 1st

38. Nazi Expansion into Europe(pg 130-131)

42. White areas indicateGerman control of European

44. Checklist Do you know these concepts? • Appeasement • Cause and Consequences • Racism • Territorial agression • Collective security

45. War and Why Allied won?Entry of United States – Why significant?

47. Next lesson – effectiveness of LON