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Scotland - the last independent kingdom inthe northern Europe, now - the only indigenous monarchy of the four regions that make up the United Kingdom. Scientists believe that the first people arrived in Scotland about 8000 years ago. The first permanent settlements dated 6-thousand years ago. The written history of Scotland begins with the Roman conquest of Britain, when it was occupied, received the status of the Roman provinces, and became known as British territory of present-day England and Wales.
The southern part of Scotland was for a short time brought under the indirect control of Rome. To the north lay the land, free of the Roman conquest, - Caledonia, populated by Pictish and Gaelic tribes.
Edinburgh is the heart of the ancient capital of Scotland, and with almost half of the population. It is considered to be one of the nicest and most picturesque cities in the United Kingdom. The city is known from the VI century as a residence of the kings. In Edinburgh there is Castle still held in Scotland's crown jewels, now - the attributes of the British Crown.
SirWilliamWallace.HewasaScottishlandownerwhobecameoneofthemainleadersoftheWarsfor ScottishIndependence. WallacedefeatedanEnglisharmywithAndrewMorayattheBattleofStirlingBridgein 1297, and he was theGuardianofScotland, servinguntilhisdefeatattheBattleofFalkirkinJuly 1298. In 1305, WallacewascapturedinRobroystonnearGlasgowandhandedovertoKingEdward I ofEngland, whohadhimsummarilyhanged, drawn, andquarteredforhightreasonandcrimesagainstEnglishcivilians.
NationalsymbolsThistleflowerisasemi-officialnationalsymbolofScotlandandisdepicted, inparticular, onbanknotes. Accordingto the legend, in13century, thecoastalsettlementsofScotssufferedfromVikingraids. Once theymanagedtoavoidunexpectednightattack because theVikingswentbarefootinthethickest field ofScotchthistle.
The flag of Scotland, is a blue one with a white cross of St. Andrew oblique. The Scottish flag is one of the oldest national flags in the world. Its appearance, according to the legend, refers to 832 AD, when King Angus, before the battle of the Anglo-Saxons saw the sign in the sky in the form of X-shaped cross on which, according to tradition, was crucified, Andrew, who is considered the saint patron of Scotland. The battle was won, and the image of a white cross on a sky-blue field has become one of the symbols of Scotland.
Scottish flag, entered as a component in the flag of Great Britain.Under the influence of the Scottish flag was set, the flag of the Navy of Russia - St. Andrew's flag, the only the colors are in the opposite.
The Scottish coat of arms, depicted red heraldic lion in the attack, he has blue claws and a blue tongue. Lion is located on a gold field. He attended all the emblems of the Scottish kings.
Bagpipe - anationalmusicalinstrument, theunofficialsymbolofScotland.
Thebest-knownspeciesofScottishdance:* Shotladskieballroomdancing (Scottishcountrydance) or "country." finallyformedintheendof 19, thebeginningofthe20 century, butalsohas alonghistory.* "Keighley» (Céilidh) - simpledances, performedinthenationalparty.* "Highland» (Highland) - solodances, originallyformen. Themainattentionispaidto theworkof thelegs, oftencomparedtoballet.* "Ladysstep» (Ladies' Step) - solodances, originallyfemale.
Tartan - fabricornamentedwithhorizontalandverticalstripes. FabricwithdesignssewnnationaldressofScotlandandkiltsinparticular, inRussiaitiscalled "tartan". Tartanpatternisassignedtooneoranotherclanorfamily, themilitaryunitororganization.
The kilt is a romantic sybol of Scotland. Indeed, wearing a kilt gives a person the majesty, courage. Today the kilt is the national dress of Scotland. But it was not so before. Kilt came to Scotland around the 15th century.
LochNessMonsterThey say that LochNess monster is inhabitted in theScottish Lake. Evidenceofitsexistenceisanecdotal, withminimalandmuch-disputedphotographicmaterialandsonarreadings.
ApostleAndrewisthe saintpatronofScotland, accordingto thelegend, hisrelicsweretransferredtothe8centuryfromConstantinopleto theScottishtownofSt. Andrews. The imageoftheApostle, andtheX-shapedcrossonwhichheissaidtohavebeencrucified, serveassymbolsofScotland
GuyRitchie. Hetookoffhiswell-knownfilmssuchasSherlockHolmeswithRobertDowneyJr. AndLock, StockandTwoSmokingBarrels
Thefilm directed by Mel Gibson won5 Oscars.ThefilmisaboutrealandtrueScotsmen. Mel Gibsonstars in this film . His character is braveandgreatWallace.
