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BACTERIA & PROTISTS

BACTERIA & PROTISTS. Kingdoms Monera & Protista. BACTERIA. Kingdom Monera. BACTERIA. Prokaryotic (no nucleus) Unicellular (one cell) Mostly heterotrophic (cannot make own food). Two Kingdoms of Bacteria:.

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BACTERIA & PROTISTS

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  1. BACTERIA & PROTISTS Kingdoms Monera & Protista

  2. BACTERIA Kingdom Monera

  3. BACTERIA • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) • Unicellular (one cell) • Mostly heterotrophic (cannot make own food)

  4. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria: (Based on differences in structure ofDNA, cell wall and cell membrane) EubacteriaArchaebacteria

  5. ARCHAEBACTERIA “Archae” Means Ancient Live in extreme conditions such as hot springs, salty water, digestive tracts of animals

  6. EUBACTERIA • “Eu” (True) • Live almost everywhere • Fresh and salt water • Land • In organisms • (includinghumans!) E.coli

  7. Types of Movement MOVEMENT: • Flagella • Glide on slime • Wiggle • None

  8. REPRODUCTION • Asexual:Binary fission (dividing in half)

  9. Sexual Reproduction:Conjugation (the exchange of genetic material) Hollow bridge forms between 2 cells and the genes move from one cell to another

  10. SPORE FORMATIONoccurs when growth conditions become unfavorable. Endospores:protect genetic material until environment is favorable for reproduction. Makes it possible for bacterium to survive conditions (such as extreme heat, dryness, lack of nutrients) for months to years.

  11. ROLES OF BACTERIA • Symbiotic relationship– E.coli in the intestines aid in digestion in exchange for food and a warm home.

  12. Recycle Chemicals • Decomposers • Oil-eating bacteria • Break-down raw sewage • Nitrogen-fixation:change nitrogen to a form that producers can use to make protein.

  13. Many fermented foods are produced with the help of bacteria. • Cheese • Buttermilk • Sour cream • Vinegar • Pickles • Sauerkraut • Sourdough bread • Yogurt BUTTERMILK

  14. PATHOGENS:Disease-causing Agents • Bacteria cause disease in 2 ways: • Damage cells • Release toxins (poisons) Acne Anthrax

  15. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  16. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  17. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  18. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  19. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  20. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  21. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  22. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  23. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  24. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  25. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  26. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  27. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  28. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  29. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  30. BACTERIAL DISEASES

  31. Control • Antibiotics:medicines that stop bacterial growth • Sterilization: heat or disinfectant • Cook food all the way Prevention=vaccines

  32. Kingdom Protista

  33. PROTISTS FACTS • Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) • Most Unicellular • Three types of Protists: • Animal-like (Protozoans) • Plant-like (Algae) • Fungus-like (Molds)

  34. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTISTS • (Protozoans) • classified by method of movement Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Nucleus Food vacuole • extend lobes of cytoplasm called Pseudopods • (“false feet”). Example: Amoeba

  35. 2. Flagella (whip-like structures). Ex.: Trichonympha (lives in termites, helps it digest cellulose).

  36. 3. Cilia (short hair-like projections) Trichocysts Oral groove Lysosomes Gullet Anal pore Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Food vacuoles Cilia • Ex.: Paramecium • reproduce by binary fission (asexually) or conjugation (sexually)

  37. 4. no structure for movement Ex.:PLASMODIUM (causesmalaria, transmitted by mosquitoes).

  38. PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS - (Algae) A. Classified as Uni- or Multicellular B. Classified by color 1. Unicellular:red Example: Gonyaulaxcauses Red Tide

  39. 2. Unicellular:yellow Ex.:Golden algae (store surplus energy in the form of oil, important in formation of petroleum deposits) 3. Unicellular:glass-like Ex.:Diatoms (used in polishing compounds and toothpaste).

  40. 4. Unicellular:Green Chloroplast Carbohydrate storage bodies Pellicle Contractilevacuole Nucleus Flagella Eyespot Ex.Euglena flagellum for movement eyespot to locate light. chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

  41. Multicellular:Red,GreenorBrown Ex.Coralline algae, Spirogyra, Kelp (specialized structures like plants, but no true tissues.)

  42. FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS(Molds) Unicellular, but have many nuclei Ex.: Slime Mold

  43. Disease Causing Protists Trypanosoma- carried by the tsetse fly causing African sleeping sickness whichaffects theCentral Nervous System.

  44. Disease Causing Protists Red Tide- reproduce rapidly and cause toxins that can paralyze humans and animals. Live in shellfish (crab, oysters).

  45. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS Parasitism- occurs when one organism derives its nourishment while causing injury to its host. Example Fleas on a dog.

  46. Mutualism - both organisms benefit. . Ex.:Trichonympha helps the termite digest cellulose and live.

  47. Commensalism - when one organism gains some benefit while the other suffers no serious disadvantage. Ex: Sharks and Pilot Fish

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