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Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms

Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms. habitat ecosystem engineers and foundation species facilitation predation refuge community ecosystem types of species interactions: uni- or bi directional neutral, positive, or negative strong or weak. Session 2: Rocky Shores

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Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms

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  1. Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms • habitat • ecosystem engineers and foundation species • facilitation • predation refuge • community • ecosystem • types of species interactions: • uni- or bi directional • neutral, positive, or negative • strong or weak Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.1 Basic Ecological Concepts and Terms

  2. The Physical Setting of Rocky Shore Habitats • Global distribution and geology of rocky shore habitats • Rocky shores are intertidal habitats • What are tides and what role do they play in shaping intertidal communities? • Waves can be important forces structuring the abundance, zonation, and diversity of intertidal species • Intertidal organisms have evolved adaptations to cope with this stress: • Flexibility • Group living • Flattened and small bodies Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.2 The Physical Setting of Rocky Shores

  3. Inhabitants of rocky shore habitats • Primary producers • macro algae, phytoplankton, encrusting algae • Herbivores • snails, chitons, limpets, urchins • Filter feeders • mussels, barnacles, bryozoans • Predators • sea stars, snails, lobsters, crabs, fish, sea birds, anemones Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.3 Inhabitants of Rocky Shore Habitats

  4. Rocky Shore Community Zonation High Intertidal Zone Mid Intertidal Zone Low Intertidal zone Shallow Subtidal Zone Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.4 Rocky Shore zonation

  5. Rocky Shore Community Zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) mussels (mid intertidal zone) barnacles (high intertidal zone) Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.5 Rocky Shore zonation

  6. Rocky Shore Community Zonation A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.6 Rocky Shore zonation

  7. Rocky Shore Community Zonation algae A rocky intertidal habitat in northwestern Washington (Courtesy: Mary O’Connor) mussels Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.7 Rocky Shore zonation

  8. Effects of Oil spills on Rocky Shore Communities The Exxon Valdezoil spill case study http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/spotlight/spotlight.html http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/ • released 42 million liters of crude oil into Prince William Sounds, AK • contaminated 2000 km of pristine shoreline • short and effects on the ecosystem and economy • long term effects: 15 years later Session 2: Rocky Shores Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 2.8 Effects of oil spills on rocky shore communities

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